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Voltage Between The Antenna And Antenna

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3.6.6 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
There should be a maximum power transfer between the transmitter and the antenna for the antenna to perform very well. This happens only when the impedance Zin is matched to the transmitter internal impedance, Zs.
In the process of accomplishing this particular configuration for an antenna to perform very well, there is always a reflecting power which leads to the standing waves, which is categorized by the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR).
This is given by [30]:-

VSWR=V_max/V_min =(1+|Γ|)/(1-|Γ| )=(1+S_11)/(1-S_11 ) -------------- Eq. (2.31)

As the reflection coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, the VSWR ranges from 1 to ∞.
3.6.7 Input Impedance
It is the ratio of the voltage to current at the input terminals or the ratio of the proper components of the electric fields to the magnetic fields at a particular point. Or in other words we can say it is the impedance presented by the antenna at the input terminal.

Zin = (Rin + jXin) ------------------ Eq. (2.32)

Rin - the real part, representing the power dissipated though heat or through radiation losses.
Xin - imaginary part, representing the reactance of the antenna & the power stored in the near field of the antenna [32].

3.6.8 Bandwidth
Bandwidth can be said as the frequencies on both the sides of the center frequency in which the characteristics

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