Introduction
In this report, I am going to talk about what is mental model and explore it how applied in HCI (Human computer interaction). Ordering to provide more compelling evidence and data to analysis mental model, an experiment about personal mental model build will be developed. In the end, a conclusion about this report also will be present. Reference list and appendix for this report will be placed in the last part.
What is mental model
The concept of mental model was formulated by Carik in1943, mental model is used to represent internal representations of a system, includes hypothesis, explanation and impression that can influence people how to cognitive, explain, facing this world and take action [1].
As we know, mental
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Mental model is situated between the consciousness and behavior, and it is the highest symptom model [3]. Psychologist also regards mental model as the main way to understand human perception, cognition, decision and construct [1].
Although there’s a lot of different realization from different field experts, they still have a lot in common characteristic. Mental model can display that our cognition for external structure or knowledge structure. And mental model is combined by object and the relationship of the object, and it is also a kind of structure of vision [4]. Thus, it can help us to cognitive this world what we see. But it also has some limitation, mental model is depends on people’s personal experience, background, knowledge and other factors [5]. Such as someone think the Google search is useful, and they can have a simple mental model before they use because they often use it, but someone never use Google before, they would build a complex mental model to think about how to use Google before they use. As we can see, personal experience has affect on mental model very directly, but experience is unlimited, as same as knowledge and other factors, so the mental model has limitation because it would be changed by some uncertain factors.
Mental Model In HCI
After the theory of mental model is created, it has far-reaching influence on Human Ergonomics, also include software engineering, system develop, electronic
that is passed down to each individual. The medical model defines mental illness as a biological disease that is caused by malfunctioning neurophysiological process. The DSM-5 is used in the medical model as a classification system of psychological disorders to help the clinician diagnosis and treat mental illnesses. There are strengths and limitations of focusing on the medical model and the use of the DSM when working with clients.
Cognitive theories is when children make relations between different things, this theory look at how the brain puts things together, lots of opportunities need to be provided for the child to develop knowledge in lots of different areas, and so that they can draw on their own views and experiences. Some theorists such as Robert Sternberg and Howard Gardener argue that being able to make new connections and to create a drawing from them is a type of intelligence.
There are eight theoretical perspectives in contemporary psychology. Any topic in psychology has many approaches that have a variety of perspectives for each that is given. Starting with the biological perspective, it is noted that physiology has played a major role in psychology. The organ systems such as the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics are greatly emphasized in studying physical bases of human and animal behavior. Neuroscience more specifically studies the nervous system, particularly the brain. The next theoretical perspective is the cognitive perspective, which is a relatively modern approach. It focuses on the important role of mental processes in how people process and remember information, develop language,
As previously expressed , this model seizes each subject as complete and integrates them by way of the many similarities
hold onto information better if I could apply the theory to a practical task i.e.
Medical Model which is the medical perspective and oldest form of treatment available with recommendations of medications, psychiatric medication, studies along with other professional methods of treating a client. Symptom-diagnosis-treatment-cure is the elements of the model.
Describe the two different mental models represented in this story. According to the text, mental models are theories people hold about specific systems in the world and their expected behavior. As stated before both Tom Carr and Sam Nolan have different mental modes. Tom Carr is of the belief that the internet obsession is a fade and will go away.
We will talk about the psychodynamic model and the humanistic-existential model. The psychodynamic model explains abnormal behavior better than the humanistic-existential model, which is the poorest at explaining abnormal behavior. We will go over their strengths and weaknesses and how they are different from each other. The psychodynamic model is the oldest models of psychology.
Theorists claim that our cognitive processes are like that of a computer. They have used this as a model to break down the process of the
The Representational Theory of Mind proposes that we, as both physiological and mental beings, are systems which operate based on symbols and interpretations of the meanings of such symbols rather than beings which operate just on physiological processes (chemical reactions and biological processes). It offers that humans and their Minds are computing machines, mental software (the Mind) which runs on physical hardware (the body). It suggests, too, that we are computing machines functioning as something other than a computing machine, just as every other machine does.
- Mental set is a tendency to solve the current problem base on past experience. For an example, when you are using the same way to solve a problem similar to a problem you have solved on
(Senge, 2006) advocates the notion that mental models are the images, assumptions and stories which we carry in our minds of ourselves other people, institutions and every aspect of the world. I believe this to be a true statement when it comes to way in which we interact and reciprocate with a person we have met for the first time. It is the ideas we form consciously or unconsciously from our own experiences and which either lead or limit our activities and thoughts through various channels. Our world is so complex that when we meet a new person for the first time our initially
Throughout psychology today there are six different theoretical models that seek to explain and treat abnormal functioning or behavior. These different models have been a result of different ideas and beliefs over the course of history. As psychology began to grow so did the improvements in research techniques. As a result psychologists are able to explain a variety of disorders in terms of the six different theoretical models. In the movie A Beautiful Mind it follows the mathematician John Nash as he struggles with schizophrenia. It an attempt to explain John Nash’s disorder the six different theoretical models will be looked at, they include biological model, psychodynamic model, behavioral model, cognitive model, humanistic model,
The book starts by clarifying the two fundamental modes of thought: ‘system-1 (the fast thinking system) and ‘system-2’ (the slow thinking system). System-1 is fast, automatic, effortless, and intuitive. And it cannot be turned-off. While, system-2 is slow, effortful and lazy. But in all, system-2 is a very supportive system.
Cognitive psychology is the segment of psychology that explores internal mental processes such as visual processing, memory, problem solving, and language. Cognitive psychology also focuses on information processing and the method of how people store, manipulate and use information (Barsalou, 2005). With an emphasis on thought processes, cognitive psychology also explores and discusses thinking and knowledge acquisition as conceptual terms. Well known contributors to the fields, such as Jean Piaget, are especially concerned with the development of cognition and formed stage theories to explain