What Two Types Of Validity Which They Are Accurately Interpreting Their Research Construct Into Operationalization?

Validity refers to whether the research conducted is what it intended to be. Validity involves dependability, which means, a valid measure must be reliable. But, reliability doesn’t have to link to validity, a reliable measure is not required to be valid.

Specific measure instruments are used in quantitative research. Gathered measurements are recorded on a chart, which can reveal how small changes between individual measurements may equal to a more noticeable change over a period of time.

Convergent Validity could be achieved when all items in a measurement model are statistically significant. The convergent validity could also be verified through AVE (Average Variance Extracted). The value of AVE should be greater or equal to 0.5 in order to achieve convergent validity (Malhotra and Birks, 2007).

Measurement validity can be described as ensuring the experiment measures the desired variable rather than accidentally measuring some other variable. Measurement validity consists of several aspects such as: face validity, criterion validity, and construct validity. If an experiment has strong face validity, it would mean that on a surface level, or at face value, it appears as if it would measure the intended variable. For an experiment to have strong construct validity, would mean that a

Construct validity has to do with establishing correct operational measures for the concepts being studied (Yin 2009, p. 40). Yin (2009), writes that researchers can improve construct validity construct validity can be if multiple sources of data is employed (triangulation of data), establishing chain of evidence, and reviewing the report with their informants (p. 41). In making sure that one can draw a meaning and useful inferences from scores on particular instruments of data collection and to demonstrate the accuracy of their findings, Creswell (2013) also advice the use of member checking and triangulating data (p. 201). Quarm (2009) and Sarquah (2008) both used several data sources (interviews, documents, media, and internet) in

Internal validity. According to Cosby (Cosby, 2012), internal validity “is the ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships from the result of the study” (Cosby, 2012, p. 85).

Examine the advantages and disadvantages of using both positivist and interpretivist methods of research (20)

Experimental designs as in any research designs must be tested for the accuracy of the study findings (Sagepub, 2006). As such, any of the following types of validity can be used for the purpose of checking the precision of the study’s conclusions, (1) internal or sometimes referred to as causal, (2) external or generalizability of the findings, and (3) measurement. Internal validity is easier to achieve in true experiments, but may find it difficult to prove the generalizability of the study result. Generalizability is more within the confines of external validity. Thus, proving external validity is a problem with true experimental designs.

iii. The precision of the instruments / methods used, (How much of the results is just opinion or estimate rather than detailed measurement? Could the measuring techniques be improved upon?

(b) Researchers must ensure the reliability and validity of research data as far as reasonably possible when designing research methodologies and instruments and in the collection, processing and analysis of research data.

The researchers in this study used different means of measurement to gather information on different aspects of the study. One thing the researchers did was use three different locations for the

In your answer discuss key approaches to measurement and illustrate your work with case study examples.

A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project—the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment—work together to try to address the central research questions”. Quantitative research method is normally used in the social research to identify the level of intensity of a situation. For instance, in this research, the researcher will use quantitative research method to discover the factor of unemployment and also method that student would take to overcome unemployment issue. Quantitative data will help to discover the reason behind the unemployment issue with the support of numerical

In this research proposal we will initially begin with a background to the subject where we will build up a basis to the research problem. An outline of the proposed research question and the research objectives will be conducted. The Literature studies will serve as a framework for the construction of the measuring instrument.

In the process of ascertaining an appropriate research method suitable for data collection, an evaluation into the two primary methods of research will be conducted to ensure the most suited approach is chosen. Qualitative and Quantitative methods are the primary classifications for research. Quantitative research adopts a scientific approach, where initial focus is on theory and literature,