Wireless Sensor Networks ( Wsn )

A WSN is a type of wireless networks that consists of collection sensor nodes which are tiny devices. Each sensor node of the network has different processing capability. It may contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash memories), have a RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion [13, 14]. Optimum need of each sensor node is to maximize its own utility function. Also the whole network requires resource assignments balance to perform in a useful and efficient way. This chapter presents a brief survey on WSNs showing its types, characterizing features, protocols and applications.

Abstract - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) comprises of several tiny, low-cost, resource constrained sensor nodes. These nodes are placed in harsh environments and generally are used for air pollution monitoring, water quality monitoring, industrial monitoring, health monitoring and more. Routing is difficult in such surroundings primarily due to the unique constraints the wireless sensor networks suffer from. Wireless sensor network is highly dynamic, making existing routing protocols ineffective. This paper concentrates on energy efficiency of the protocols. Both the protocol presented are hierarchical and cluster based. Both have sensor nodes and a base station (BS). The BS selects the Cluster Heads (CH) among themselves. CH is the elected sensor node which passes on the sensor data collected by sensor nodes of its cluster to either BS or other CH. All candidate nodes for becoming CH are listed, based on the various factors like relative distance of the candidate node from the Base Station, outstanding energy level, possible number of neighboring sensor nodes the

Wireless communication has become an indispensable tool in the world today. Most of the world is connected and as a result, we have been able to carry out multiple tasks in a short time leaving us spare time to engage in other activities that demand our attention. Wireless networks have gone through several developmental phases to offer the fast and efficient services that we have presently. In this paper, I discuss the various classifications of wireless networks, going into details about their unique characteristics and why most people and organizations opt for them instead of their wired counterparts.

Topologies used in Wireless Sensor Network are Mesh, Star, Ring, Tree, and Bus, Fully connected.

Wireless Ad hoc Network are important emerging technology that is low cost, most effective. Although a large amount of research has been done on mobile Ad hoc Network technology, yet truly understanding these networks has been low and the implementation of these networks is very less. This is because in some areas it is difficult to implement wireless networks as it is an expensive process and implementing new algorithm and new protocols is difficult replacing all the protocols that are currently used. Although the important fact is that these networks are not used to its full capacity. Large amount of research is going on the Ad hoc networks and exploit these networks in far more better way. Ad hoc network technology has many future applications. It can be used widely used for military application, can be used for UAV's , for detecting of the chemicals and materials underground.

There have been significant contributions to overcome many weaknesses in sensor networks like coverage problems, lack in power and making best use of limited network bandwidth, however; work in sensor network security is still in its infancy stage. This paper is an effort to introduce the

WSN devices can operate over a wide temperature range, are less prone to shocks and vibration, and provide safety and electromagnetic compatibility. A wireless measurement system frees you from the confines of wired infrastructure [8].

In most cases, the sensors forming these networks are deployed randomly and left unattended to and are expected to perform their mission properly and efficiently. As a result of this random deployment, the WSN has usually varying degrees of node density along its area. Sensor networks are also energy constrained since the individual sensors, which the network is formed with, are extremely energy-constrained as well. The communication devices on these sensors are small and have limited power and range.

Abstract - A wireless sensor network (WSNs) is composed of sensor nodes having a set of processor and limited memory unit embedded in it. The most important task for such network is to provide reliable routing of packets from the sensor nodes to its base station. In Wireless Sensor Networks, routing is much more complex than other wireless networks. In WSN routing strategy should be the energy efficient. This survey paper gives an overview of the different routing protocols used in wireless sensor networks and gives a brief working of energy efficient routing protocols in WSN. This study presents the comparison among different routing protocols based on various parameters towards the energy efficiency for WSNs.

processing. Sensor nodes are of very small size, consume extremely low energy, are operated in high

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of low cost sensor nodes depolyed in parking area. These sensor nodes form a multi-hop ad-hoc network by wireless commnunication.

Abstract—In wireless sensor network (WSN), many novel architectures, protocols, algorithms and applications have been proposed and implemented for energy efficiency. The efficiency of these networks is highly dependent on routing protocols which directly affecting the network life-time. Cluster formation in sensor network is one of the most popular technique for reducing the energy consumption and expand the lifetime of the sensor network. There are various cluster formation techniques used in wireless sensor network. In which, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is simple and efficient optimization algorithm, which is used to form the energy efficient clusters with optimal selection of cluster head. The comparison is made with the well-known cluster based protocols developed for WSN, LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and LEACH-C as well as the traditional K-means clustering algorithm. A comparative analysis shown in the paper and come to the conclusion based on some parameters.

The clustering protocols aim is to minimize the energy consumption for each node and to maximize the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In wireless sensor networks the node are densely deployed and it consumes large energy, it acquires from cluster formation overhead and fixed level clustering. The proposing method is Power Efficient and Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol (PEACH) for wireless sensor networks. In PEACH, when the anticipation of the node reaching highest energy to become a Cluster Head, legitimacy in power consumption can be improved. PEACH supports adaptive multilevel clustering and the cluster structure forms without additional overhead. The simulation result analyzes that the, PEACH protocol minimizes the energy consumption of each node and the proposing method support the hybrid multi-hop routing algorithm which extend the network lifetime of wireless sensor network from surviving with hot spot problem.

Low Energy Aware Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the hierarchical routing protocols that uses very limited amount of energy and increases the lifetime of the network. Transfer of Data through Wireless Sensor Network is a challenging task today particularly with the existence of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, Flooding attack, Black hole attach and Gray hole attack. All attacks mentioned above are implemented and their impacts on the performance of the LEACH in terms of different metrics including packet

ABSTRACT: Wireless sensor networks is a self-configured network means any node can join it or leave it at any time. it is a self-healing and self-organizing. Self-healing networks allow nodes to reconfigure their link associations and find other pathways around powered-down nodes or failed nodes. Self-organizing allows a network automatically join new node without the need for manual interference. In this paper, we are using actor nodes to solve energy hole problem so that we can reduce energy consumption and can enhance throughput of network.