'. If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPS per mole through the cit- ric acid cycle, how many ATPS will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energy yield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would be derived from the metabolic oxidation of I mole of isoleucine to CO, H,0, and NH3? Of tyrosine?
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- Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acidcycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energyyield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would bederived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O,and NH3? Of tyrosine?Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of the fatty acyl CoA of capric acid (10:0). Determine the following: rounds of β-oxidation total no. of acetyl CoA produced total no. of NADH produced from all rounds of β-oxidation total no. of FADH2 produced from all rounds of β-oxidation total no. of NADH produced from the oxidation of all acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle total no. of FADH2 produced from the oxidation of all acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle total ATP yield
- If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acid cycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energy yield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would be derived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O, and NH3? Of tyrosine?Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of arachidic acid (20:0). ___________ a. How many rounds of the β-oxidation pathway will be involved? ___________ b. How many acetyl CoA will be produced? ___________ c. How many NADH will be produced from all the rounds of the β-oxidation pathway? ___________ d. How many ATP will eventually be produced from the complete oxidation of one mole of arachidoyl CoA?1. Consider the oxidation of the fatty acid with the common name arachidic acid. a. Draw the structure of arachidic acid. b. How many turns of the fatty acid oxidation cycle is required for the complete oxidation of arachidic acid? c. How many moles of ATP are formed from one mole of arachidic acid if the acetyl CoA produced go to the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation? Assume 1 mole of NADH is equivalent to 3 moles ATP and 1 mole FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP. Show how you arrived at your answer
- Synthesis of the activated form of acetate (acetyl-CoA) is carried out in an ATP-dependent process:(a) The ΔG′° for hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA is −32.2 kJ/mol and that for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi is −30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate ΔG′° for the ATPdependent synthesis of acetyl-CoA.(b) Almost all cells contain the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of PPi to Pi. What effect does the presence of this enzyme have on the synthesis of acetyl-CoA? Explain.In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0), a) how many moles of acetyl CoA are produced? b) how many times would the fatty acid pass through the fatty acid spiral for complete oxidation? c) what is the total ATP produced in the citric acid cycle? d) how many moles of NADH are produced? e) how many moles of FADH2 are produced? f) how many moles of ATP are produced after all NADH are reoxidized in the respiratory chain? g) how many moles of ATP are produced after all FADH2 are reoxidized in the respiratory chain? h) how many moles of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of stearic acid?In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0), a)how many moles of acetyl CoA are produced? ________ b)how many times would the fatty acid pass through the fatty acid spiral for complete oxidation? ________ c)what is the total ATP produced in the citric acid cycle? ________ d)how many moles of NADH are produced? ________ e)how many moles of FADH2 are produced? ________ f)how many moles of ATP are produced after all NADH are reoxidized in the respiratory chain? ________ g)how many moles of ATP are produced after all FADH2 are…
- The synthesis of the activated form of acetate (acetyl-CoA) is carried out in an ATP-dependent process: Acetate + CoA + ATP → acetyl-CoA + AMP + PPi (a) The ∆G’o for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA is - 32.2 kJ/mol and that for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi is - 30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate ∆G’o for the ATP-dependent synthesis of acetyl-CoA. (b) Almost all cells contain the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of PPi to Pi. What effect does the presence of this enzyme have on the synthesis of acetyl-CoA? Explain.Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC b. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue c. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from FADH2 coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue d. What is the number of net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue II. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)