If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acid cycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energy yield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would be derived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O, and NH3? Of tyrosine?

If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acid cycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energy yield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would be derived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O, and NH3? Of tyrosine?

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21P: Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and...

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Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited byÂ· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AÎ¤Î¡. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.
Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?
If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acidcycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energyyield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would bederived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O,and NH3? Of tyrosine?
The CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that entered that round. If acetyl-CoA is labeled with 14C at its carbonyl carbon, how many rounds of the cycle are required before 14CO2 is released?
In the first step of the TCA cycle the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate to produce citrate. Where will the carbonyl carbon of that acetyl group be after the first CO2 is expelled? Group of answer choices The first carbon of α-ketoglutarate The last carbon of α-ketoglutarate The fourth carbon of α-ketoglutarate The third carbon of α-ketoglutarate
In fatty acid oxidation, each cycle shortens the fatty acid being catabolised by 2 carbons, producing acetyl CoA and 2 reduced carrier molecules. Complete oxidation of a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons would produce how many acetyl CoA and reduced carrier molecules? a. 8 acetyl CoA, 8 NADH and 8 FADH2 b. 9 acetyl CoA, 8 NADH and 8 FADH2 c. 8 acetyl CoA, 9 NADH and 9 FADH2 d. 9 acetyl CoA, 9 NADH and 9 FADH2
The two main goals of the citric acid cycle are: (a) citrate synthesis and gluconeogenesis (b).degradation of acetyl-CoA to produce energy and supply precursors for anabolism (c).degradation of pyruvate to produce energy and supply precursors for anabolism (d).degradation of glucose to produce energy and supply precursors for anabolism (e).degradation of pyruvate to produce energy and synthesize oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2
How many cycles of "citric acid cycle" are necessary to reveal the "C" that come from acetyl-CoA that take place in the first cycle known as "CO2"?
The completion of one cycle of the citric acid cycle oxidizing one acetyl CoA results in net... Group of answer choices 2 ATP produced consumption of 1 molecule of citrate consumption of 1 molecule of oxaloacetate production of 2 CO2 Which of the following is not a component of the citric acid cycle? Group of answer choices Oxaloacetate Succinyl CoA Malate Pyruvate Which of the following enzymes catalyzes an anaplerotic reaction? Group of answer choices citrate synthase pyruvate dehydrogenase complex malate dehydrogenase pyruvate carboxylase
The citric acid cycle is a critical sequence of reactions for energy production, which take place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The reaction cycle requires materials from the cytosol to be converted into acetyl CoA, which represents the starting point of a new cycle. Which of the following statements about acetyl CoA is true? (a) Acetyl CoA is recycled at the end of every cycle. (b) Oxaloacetate is attached to acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycle. (c) Triacylglycerol molecules are transported into the mitochondrial matrix and cleaved by lipases to produce acetyl CoA. (d) Oxaloacetate is converted directly into acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycle
One consequence of ethanol addiction is fatty liver disease, an illness in which liver cells accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerols, the esters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Ethanol is oxidized in the cytoplasm of liver cells by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to yield acetate and 2 NADH. Acetate is then transported into the mitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and metabolized in the citric acid cycle. When alcohol is consumed in excessive quantities, the resulting high levels of NADH cause metabolic abnormalities, one of which is high levels of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis, also a cytoplasmic process, uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and NADPH as a reducing agent. Speculate about how a high level of cytoplasmic NADH provides a source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.