A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the following metabolic pathways. 1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway 2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA 3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate
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A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the following
1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway
2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA
3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)
4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
5.Citric acid cycle
6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)
B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.
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- Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) tothe activity of the enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway in the given conditions a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesisComplete the table below. Consider docosanoic acid (C21H43CO2H) Questions Solutions Answers a. Label the alpha and beta carbons. b. Draw the acetyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?Identify different types of organic reaction mechanism (SN1, SN2, etc.) and reaction types (Addition, elimination, etc ) in the following metabolic pathways. 1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway 2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA 3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) 4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA 5. Citric acid cycle 6. Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)
- Determine if true or false 1. Isopentyl pyrophosphate (activated isoprene) undergoes cyclization during cholesterol biosynthesis 2. Malonyl CoA transacylase catalyzes the committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis. 3. Oxaloacetate carries acetyl CoA to the cytosol which is the site of fatty acid biosynthesis. 4. During fatty acid biosynthesis, propionyl CoA is the donor of the acetyl group. 5. During fatty acid biosynthesis, NADPH is used as the reducing equivalent in the process.Discuss the metabolic control for HMG CoA reductase synthesis and activityIdentify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway. Metabolic pathways: 1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)
- Consider the following statements: (1) the products of the first two stages of cholesterol biosynthesis are, respectively, mevalonate (C6) and isopentyl pyrophosphate (2) Over 90 percent of the total dietary lipids are triaglycerols (3) The activation stages of fatty acid oxidation involves both CoA & ATP Choices: a. Only one of the statements is true b. All three statements are true c. Two of the three statements are true d. None of the statements are trueIdentify and draw different types of organic reaction mechanisms in the following metabolic pathways. 1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols-beta-oxidation pathway 2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA 3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) 4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA 5. Citric acid cycle 6. Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose)A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the following metabolic pathways.4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.
- Many components of the glycolytic pathway and the citricacid cycle are direct exit or entry points to metabolic pathways ofother substances. Indicate another pathway available to the following compounds:(a) Fructose-6-phosphate(b) Oxaloacetate(c) Glucose-6-phosphate(d) Acetyl-CoA(e) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(f) -Ketoglutarate(g) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate(h) Succinyl-CoA(i) 3-Phosphoglycerate(j) Fumarate(k) Phosphoenolpyruvate(l) Citrate(m) PyruvateConsider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.All of the following are accurate contrasts for beta oxidation vs fatty acid synthesis except which of the following statements? Group of answer choices The hydroxylacyl group differs in stereochemistry between beta oxidation and biosynthesis CoA is the acyl carrier group in beta oxidation, acyl carrier protein is the carrier in biosynthesis The carbon unit resulting from beta oxidation is acetyl-CoA, the carbon unit for biosynthesis is malonyl-CoA FAD is an electron acceptor in beta oxidation, NADP+ is the electron acceptor in biosynthesis