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- The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Identify the components of cellular immunity, and define their roles in the immune response.is a group of plasma proteins thatwhen activated stimulate inflammation,attract phagocytes, and enhancephagocytosis.The T lymphocytes as macrophages, secrete a number of polypeptides (cytokines) generally called lymphokines that serve as autocrine regulators of the immune system.a. Identify any five (5) lymphokines and explain their functions.b. Briefly state a function for each of the following immune cells. Monocytes Mast Cells B Lymphocytes Cytotoxic, T Lymphocytes Helper T Lymphocytes
- Name the 4 types of T cells and give the function of each one. (note: Suppressor T cell is also known as Regulatory T cell)Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All but one of the following occurs during the inflammatory response. Select the example below that does NOT describe the process of inflammation. a. Inflammation increases capillary permeability. b. Chemotaxis draws leucocytes to the site of injury. c. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury. d. Release of prostaglandins results in pain.When surface barriers protecting the body are breached, the second line of defense (of the innate immune system) is activated. These internal defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis amongst other quick responses. Briefly explain acute inflammation in terms of vascular and cellular events. Use your understanding of blood vessels (smooth muscle and endothelial cells), chemical signalling and the interstitial space to help explain the four signs of inflammation - heat, redness, pain and swelling.
- Activated Cytotoxic T cells: Undergo apoptosis Cause infected cells to undergo apoptosis Recognize infected cells a and c b and cDiscuss the process an antigen presenting phagocyte [macrophages and dendritic cells] uses toidentify and move a target into the cell and its lysosomes – phagocytosis. Make sure you discussthe opsonins and their receptors.T cells reach the central nervous system by way of- action of membrane pore-forming proteases migrating macrophages choroid plexus and meninges
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation? a. inactivation of macrophages b. increased vascular permeability and edema c. vasodilation d. pain e. influx of leukocytes.Mobilization of neutrophils to fight infection in tissue is mediated by all except which a. TNF-a production by macrophages b. upregulation of selectins on blood vessel endothelium c. interferon response d. generation of a CXCL8 gradient e. extravasation across endothelium f. proteolysis of basement membrane of blood vessels.Which of these statements about gamma interferon is false? a. It is a polypeptide autocrine regulator. b. It can be produced in response to viral infections. c. It stimulates the immune system to attack infected cells and tumors. d.It is produced by almost all cells in the body.