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- Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/chemotaxis) to learn about phagocyte chemotaxis. Phagocyte chemotaxis is the movement of phagocytes according to the secretion of chemical messengers in the form of interleukins and other chemokines. By what means does a phagocyte destroy a bacterium that it has ingested?is a group of plasma proteins thatwhen activated stimulate inflammation,attract phagocytes, and enhancephagocytosis.List the main functions of each of the B, T, NK cells.
- Which of these types of cytokines do not match with the given description? A. Autocrine - The same cell secretes and receives the cytokine signal. B. Paracrine- The cytokine signal is secreted from one cell to a nearby cell(s). C. Endocrine - The cytokine signal is secreted and travels via the circulatory system received by a distant cell(s). D. All of the descriptions are matched correctly.Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation? a. inactivation of macrophages b. increased vascular permeability and edema c. vasodilation d. pain e. influx of leukocytes.When surface barriers protecting the body are breached, the second line of defense (of the innate immune system) is activated. These internal defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis amongst other quick responses. Briefly explain acute inflammation in terms of vascular and cellular events. Use your understanding of blood vessels (smooth muscle and endothelial cells), chemical signalling and the interstitial space to help explain the four signs of inflammation - heat, redness, pain and swelling.
- Define the key components that make up the innate immune system (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and complement system), and describe how these elements protect against infection.The body's innate defenses against invading pathogens includea. cytotoxic T cells.b. skin and mucus membranesc. antibodies.d. all of the above.Macrophages can display antigens from pathogens on ____?
- The early events of inflammation are characterized by all of the following except _____. a. vasodilation b. extravasation c. pain d. apoptosis e. increased vascular permeability f. chemotaxis.-Which of the following best characterizes the mode of pathogen recognition for opsonin-dependent phagocytosis? a. A pathogen is coated with a molecule such as a complement protein that immediately lyses the cell. b. A pathogen is first coated with a molecule such as a complement protein, which allows it to be recognized by phagocytes c. A PAMP on the pathogen's surface is recognized by a phagocyte's toll-like receptors d. Opsonins produced by a pathogen attract phagocytes through chemotaxisIdentify the cells that initiate inflammation and thecells that are activated by inflammatory signals.