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- Temperature-measuring instruments may be designed to measure the temperature of vapors, ________, and________.Steam generators are a type of heat exchanges that are used inpower plants to generate steam at desired pressure andtemperature (Fig. Q1.b). In a steam generator, saturated liquidwater at 30°C enters a 60-mm diameter tube at the volume flowrate of 12 L/s. After exchanging heat with hot gas, the waterchanges to steam and leaves the generator at a pressure of 9 MPaand a temperature of 400°C. During this process, the diameter ofthe water/steam tube does not change. Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K). (i) Calculate the steam mass flow rate and inlet velocity of the steam? (ii) What is the exit velocity of the steam? (iii) Calculate the rate of heat transfer (in MW) required tochange the phase of liquid water to steam.In a reservoir system with a very large accumulation volume for the ideal fluid (water),a) Since the diameter of the ABCDEF outlet pipe is D = 20 cm, the flow rate through the pipe,b) Calculate the velocity, velocity height, relative pressure and pressure heights in the ABCDEF outlet pipe.c) Draw the relative energy and piezometer lines of the system.d) If the relative evaporation pressure of water is pv = -98.5 kPa, what can be z maximum?e) Determine how much the diameter of the outlet pipe can be reduced at most without causing cavitation, with the relative evaporation pressure of water pv = -98.5 Pa and h = 6 m.f) Calculate the critical velocity value for cavitation.
- Compute for the amount of heat that a 1.3-liter of sweat can remove from Joe's 70-kg body via evaporation. By how much will Joe's body temperature will rise if this amount of heat cannot be eliminated from his body? Specific heat value is 1 cal/g°C. Consider the sweat as purely water.Determine the enthalpy of steam at 127 degrees celsius, at 80% quality, and flowing at the rate of 80kg/h, if it is used to heat fluid soup. What is the volume in m3 of steam required per hour of operation?Q1/ A boiler working at a pressure of 1.4 MPa evaporates 8 kg of water per kg of coal from feed water entering at 40C. The steam at the stop value is 0.95 quality. Determine the equivalent evaporation from and at 100C.
- The combustion in a gasoline engine may be approximated by a constant volume heat addition process, and the contents of the combustion chamber both before and after combustion as air. The conditions are 1.80 MPa and 450°C before the combustion and 1500°C after it. Determine the pressure at the end of the combustion process.We now wish to increase the pressure inside the cabin by pumping in extra air. Assume that the air temperature inside the cabin remains constant at 288 K. If the time rate of increase in cabin pressure is 0.02 atm/min, calculate the time rate of change of the air density per second.The compressor tank that holds 80L of air during compression of pressure of 250kpa and the temperature of 30 degrees. The leakage was experienced during the compression process which resulted in a los of 5g of air, therefore the current air in a tank fill 40L at 500kpa. Determine the temperature of the current air in a tank
- 1. Saturated steam at a pressure of 25 psia is sprayed into a stream of moist air. The initial condition of the air is 55 dry-bulb temperature and 35 F de-point temperature. The mass rate of air flow is 2000 lb per min. Barometric pressure is 14.696 psia. Determine how much steam must be added in lb per min to produce a saturated air condition, b) the resulting temperature of the saturated air.When water boils in a pot with a loose lid, the increased pressure forces the lid upward, releasing steam and reducing the pres- sure in the pot so that the lid drops back down. If the water continues to boil, the lid can rattle upward and downward. Consider a 1 L pot half filled with boiling water. In this case there is half a liter, or 1 mol, of air and steam above the water. (a) Estimate the mass of the lid. (b) When the water is rapidly boiling, estimate the height to which the lid jumps during a steam-release event. (c) By multiplying the weight of the lid by the height of the jump, estimate the work done by the steam as the lid moves upward. (d) Treat the process as adiabatic and use the first law of thermodynamics to estimate the drop in the temperature of the steam as it pushes the lid upward.Steam at a temperature of 210 degree celcius has a specific entrophy of 7.1167 kj/ng.Determine the pressure,internal energy ,enthalphy and volume