1. Draw the pedigree for Amita's family and determine the mode of inheritance if any. 2. Explain how the 2 groups in the study could be possible? 3. What would you tell Amita about the heritability of this disorder?
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- Male Drosophila expressing the autosomal recessivemutations sc (scute), ec (echinus), cv (crossveinless),and b (black) were crossed to phenotypically wildtype females, and the 3288 progeny listed wereobtained. (Only mutant traits are noted.)653 black, scute, echinus, crossveinless670 scute, echinus, crossveinless675 wild type655 black71 black, scute73 scute73 black, echinus, crossveinless74 echinus, crossveinless87 black, scute, echinus84 scute, echinus86 black, crossveinless83 crossveinless1 black, scute, crossveinless1 scute, crossveinless1 black, echinus1 echinusa. Diagram the genotype of the female parent.b. Map these loci.c. Do the data provide evidence of interference?Justify your answer with numbers.Many genetic disorders exhibit locus heterogeneity. Define andgive two examples of locus heterogeneity. How does locus heterogeneityconfound a pedigree analysis?One particularly useful feature of the Hardy-Weinberg equation is that it allows us to estimate the frequency of heterozygotes for recessive genetic diseases, assuming that Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium exists. As an example, let’s consider cystic fibrosis, which is a human genetic disease involving a gene that encodes a chloride transporter. Persons with this disorder have an irregularity in salt and water balance. One of the symptoms is thick mucus in the lungs that can contribute to repeated lung infections. In populations of Northern European descent, the frequency of affected individuals is approximately 1 in 2500. Because this is a recessive disorder, affected individuals are homozygotes. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous carriers?
- Tay Sachs is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes mental and physical disabilities leading to death in infants. Affected individuals are lacking the enzyme hexosaminidase, causing lipids to build up in the brain.The HEXA gene on chromosome 15 codes for hexosaminidase, and a four base pair insertion in the gene results in an altered reading frame and non-functional enzyme being produced. Individuals who are carriers (heterozygotes) of the Tay-Sachs allele are not affected by the disease but appear to have increased protection against tuberculosis.The incidence of Tay-Sachs disease is much higher among Ashkenazi Jews originating from Eastern Europe than the general population of the United States. About 1 in 3 500 babies of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage are born with Tay-Sachs disease and about 1 in 30 Ashkenazi Jews are carriers compared to about 1 in 320 000 babies born with the disease and about 1 in 300 carriers in the general United States population. Ashkenazi Jews living in…A male Drosophila with wild-type phenotype is discovered to have only seven chromosomes, whereas normally 2n = 8. Close examination reveals that one member of chromosome IV (the smallest chromosome) is attached to (translocated to) the end of chromosome II. If this male mates with a female with a normal chromosome composition who is homozygous for the recessive chromosome IV mutation eyeless (genotype = ee), what would be the eye genotypes, eye phenotypes, and total number of chromosomes in all potential offspring if the male is homozygous for the wild-type allele (EE)? put a table for punnet squareA male Drosophila with wild-type phenotype is discovered to have only seven chromosomes, whereas normally 2n = 8. Close examination reveals that one member of chromosome IV (the smallest chromosome) is attached to (translocated to) the end of chromosome II. If this male mates with a female with a normal chromosome composition who is homozygous for the recessive chromosome IV mutation eyeless (genotype = ee), what would be the eye genotypes, eye phenotypes, and total number of chromosomes in all potential offspring if the male is homozygous for the wild-type allele (EE)?
- In drosophila, a recessive mutation (m-) of a maternal effect gene results in an abnormal phenotype wherein homozygous (m-m-) females produce eggs that cannot support embryonic development. Homozygous (m-m-) males, however, can still produce viable sperm. Using m+ to denote a normal gene, determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1s produce by a cross between a heterozygous female and a recessive male. From the offspring, backcross the recessive female with the paternal strain. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2s? Show COMPLETE cross for both cases. If m-m- females produce useless eggs, then how are m-m- produced?In mice, the trait for high cholesterol is specified by a dominant allele designatedHC, whereas the wild-type allele for normal cholesterol levels is designated hc.Black fur is specified by a recessive allele designated bl, whereas the wild-typeallele which gives brown fur is designated BL. The genes for both of these traitsare 30cM apart on the same autosome. A brown female (#1) with high cholesterolis mated to a black male (#2) with normal cholesterol. The progeny from this crossinclude a brown male (#3) with high cholesterol and a black female (#4) withnormal cholesterol. Mouse #3 is mated to a brown female (#5) with normalcholesterol. If 4 mice are produced from this cross, what is the probability that all 4will have brown fur?There are two genetic disorders that result from mutation in imprinted genes: Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome results from deletion of region 15q11-q13, which in healthy individuals is a region imprinted such that only the paternal copy is expressed. In the pedigree above, individual I-1 is heterozygous for a deletion of region 15q11-q13 and does not have Prader-Willi syndrome. Individuals I-2 and II-1 are both homozygous wild type for the region. Which individuals in the pedigree might have Prader-Willi syndrome? (Who could potentially have the syndrome, based on what alleles it is possible for them to inherit and express?) Question 9 options: Only II-2 could have Prader-Willi syndrome III-1 could have Prader-Willi syndrome in the presented pedigree; II-2 could only have had it if she were male Both II-2 and III-1 could have Prader-Willi syndrome II-2 could have…
- Tay–Sachs disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations ina gene on chromosome 15 that encodes a lysosomal enzyme.Tay–Sachs is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition.Among Ashkenazi Jews of Central European ancestry, about1 in 3600 children is born with the disease. What fraction ofthe individuals in this population are carriers?Sepia eyes, spineless bristles, and striped body are three recessive mutations in Drosophila found on chromosome 3. A genetics student crosses a fly homozygous for the alleles encoding sepia eyes, spineless bristles, and striped body with a fly homozygous for the wild-type alleles—encoding red eyes, normal bristles, and solid body. The female progeny are then test-crossed with males that have sepia eyes, spineless bristles, and striped body. Assume that the interference between these genes is 0.2 and that 400 progeny flies are produced by the testcross. Based on the map distances provided in Figure , predict the phenotypes and proportions of the progeny resulting from the test cross.Miniature wings (Xm) in Drosophila result from an X-linked allele that is recessive to the allele for long wings (X +). Give the genotypes of the parents in each of the following crosses. Male parent Female parent Male offspring Female offspring a. long long 231 long, 250 miniature 560 long 250 miniature b. miniature long 610 long 632 long c. miniature long 410 long, 417 miniature 412 long, 415 miniature 417 miniature 415 miniature d. long miniature 753 miniature 761 long e. long long 625 long 630 long