1. Embryonic stem cells continuously divide and remain undifferentiated. In order to maintain this pluripotency and continue to divide, which gene set(s) must be expressed? What specific components of cell communication activate the expression of these gene sets? There are 2 parts to this question, be sure to answer both.

1. Embryonic stem cells continuously divide and remain undifferentiated. In order to maintain this pluripotency and continue to divide, which gene set(s) must be expressed? What specific components of cell communication activate the expression of these gene sets? There are 2 parts to this question, be sure to answer both.

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19RQ: A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his...

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1.) What is one type of cell that CANNOT arise from the differentiation of a mesenchymal stem cell? A. A neuron B. A muscle cell C. An egg cell D. A bone cell 2. there is the statement: "Both stem cells and specialized cells have all the same genes. They differ in the regulation of those genes and express very different sets of genes ". Which one of the following explanations best accounts for this difference in stem cell and specialized cell gene expression? A. Stem cells and specialized cells have different activators and repressors that affect transcription B. Stem cells and specialized cells have different promoter sequences for their genes, thus affecting transcription C. Stem cells and specialized cells have different ribosomes that affect translation D. Stem cells and specialized cells use different start codons on mRNAs, thus affecting translation
discuss briefly the concepts of: Cell differentiation Morphogenesis Pattern formation Also, cite examples to illustrate this concept.
A cell inherits a mutation in a gene that results in a transcription factor, called NF-kB, constantly being in its active conformation. When active, NF-kB stimulates the expression of cyclins that promote progression of the cell cycle, regardless of other conditions. As a result of this mutation, how would this cell's phenotype be affected by this mutation? A) This cell would have a cancer phenotype B) This cell would grow larger in size, but would never divide C) This cell would likely undergo apoptosis D) This cell would not duplicate its chromosomes .
Discuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components (i.e. the proteins associated with cellular checkpoints) of the cell cycle. Tumor growth results when the cell cycle checkpoints are ignored. Give an example of how tumor growth could result from either a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function mutation.
What are some of the ethical issues that arise from using embryonic stem cells?(b) To avoid these issues, scientists use IPSCs. What are the pros and cons to using iPSCs inrelation to embryonic stem cells?
1. WHEN do you think apoptosis occurs in humans? What would be the effect if apoptosis doesn't happen? EXPLAIN EXTRENSIVELY
2. The mannose 6-phosphate receptor is located predominantly in endosomes and the TGN, but about 10% of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor molecules are in the plasma membrane. Suppose you have an antibody that associates with the mannose 6-phosphate receptor and blocks the ability of the receptor to bind mannose 6-phosphate. Suppose further that this association is rapid and effectively irreversible. If you incubate cells with the antibody for a brief time and then wash away excess antibody, the cells continue to sort lysosomal enzymes normally. But if you incubate cells continuously with the antibody for a prolonged time, the cells begin to secrete lysosomal enzymes. a) How would you interpret this result? b) Suppose that the antibody has been fluorescently labeled by covalently attaching a fluorophore. If you examine cells that have been incubated continuously with this labeled antibody, what types of fluorescence patterns would you expect to see at different time points after…
A mutation in the Ras protein could directly affect improper _____ Select one: a. cell signaling leading to alterations in cell division b. cell signaling leading to alterations proteasome activity c. microtubule assembly leading to faulty cell division d. protein degradation during the cell cycle e. protein phosphorylation in the cell cycle
1. How do muscle cells remain differentiated as muscle cells? 2. A mutation occurs in the Drosophila doublesex gene that prevents Tra from binding to the dsx RNA transcript. What would be the consequences of this mutation for Dsx protein expression in males? In females?
With regard to cancer cells, which of the following statementsare true?A. Cancer cells are clonal, which means they are derived from asingle mutant cell.B. To become cancerous, cells usually accumulate multiplegenetic changes that eventually result in uncontrolledgrowth.C. Most cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses.D. Cancer cells have lost the ability to properly regulate celldivision.
1.Colchicine is a type of drug that inhibits the microtubule formation during the cell division. Let’s say that the onion root tip (a place where most of the plant’s cells divide) was submerge in colchicine solution. a. How do you think will be the cell’s respond? Will it continue its cell division? Why or why not? b. Let’s say that the cells in onion root tip treated with colchicine were not halted at spindle checkpoint. What do you think will happen during the division?
1. True or Flase: Cells must only divide when they receive a signal to divide. 2. BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein. If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: a) increase expression of the gene b)decrease expression of the gene c)not affect the expression of the gene