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- Calculate the lattice energy of AgBr(s) using the following thermodynamic data (all data is in kJ/mol). Ag(s) ΔHsublimation = 265 kJ/mol Ag(g) Ionization energy = 711 kJ/mol Br-Br(g) Bond energy = 173 kJ/mol Br(g) Electron affinity = -345 kJ/mol AgBr(s) ΔH°f = -120 kJ/mol ______________ kJ/molThe interhalogen compound BrF3 is a volatile, straw-colored liquid. The compound exhibits appreciable electrical conductivitybecause of autoionization (“solv” refers to BrF3 as the solvent):2 BrF3(l) ⇌ BrF2+(solv) + BrF4- (solv)(a) What are the molecular structures of the BrF2+ and BrF4- ions?(b) The electrical conductivity of BrF3 decreases with increasing temperature. Is the autoionization process exothermic or endothermic?(c) One chemical characteristic of BrF3 is that it acts as a Lewis acid toward fluoride ions. What do we expect will happen whenKBr is dissolved in BrF3?Consider the lattice energies of the following Group 2Acompounds: BeH2, 3205 kJ/mol; MgH2, 2791 kJ/mol;CaH2, 2410 kJ/mol; SrH2, 2250 kJ/mol; BaH2, 2121 kJ/mol.(a) What is the oxidation number of H in these compounds?(b) Assuming that all of these compounds have the samethree-dimensional arrangement of ions in the solid, whichof these compounds has the shortest cation–anion distance?(c) Consider BeH2. Does it require 3205 kJ of energyto break one mole of the solid into its ions, or does breakingup one mole of solid into its ions release 3205 kJ of energy?(d) The lattice energy of ZnH2 is 2870 kJ/mol. Consideringthe trend in lattice enthalpies in the Group 2A compounds,predict which Group 2A element is most similar in ionic radiusto the Zn2+ ion.
- Many compounds of the transition-metal elements containdirect bonds between metal atoms. We will assumethat the z-axis is defined as the metal–metal bond axis.(a) Which of the 3d orbitals (Figure 6.23) is most likely tomake a σ bond between metal atoms? (b) Sketch the s3dbonding and σ*3d antibonding MOs. (c) With reference tothe “Closer Look” box on the phases of orbitals, explain whya node is generated in the σ*3d MO. (d) Sketch the energyleveldiagram for the Sc2 molecule, assuming that only the3d orbital from part (a) is important. (e) What is the bondorder in Sc2?Mixing SbCl3 and GaCl3 in a 1;1 molar ratio (usingliquid sulfur dioxide as a solvent) gives a solid ioniccompound of empirical formula GaSbCl6. A controversyarises over whether this compound is ( ) SbCl2 + ( ) GaCl 4 - or( ) GaCl+ 2 ( ) SbCl 4 -(a) Predict the molecular structures of the two anions.(b) It is learned that the cation in the compound has abent structure. Based on this fact, which formulationis more likely to be correct?Aluminum metal is produced by heating aluminumoxide, Al2O3(s), and other substances to almost1000 °C until the mixture melts. Molten aluminumoxide is an excellent conductor. An electric currentpassed through liquid aluminum oxide can providethe electrons needed to convert the aluminumions to neutral metal atoms. Explain the followingproperties of aluminum oxide in terms of ionicbonding: K/U(a) its high electrical conductivity when molten(b) its high melting point
- 7.72 How does an MSN differ from amorphous silica so that is has improved biocompatibility?hy is the molecular structure of H2Ononlinear, whereas that of BeF2is linear, even though both molecules consist of three atoms?Many compounds of the transition-metal elements containdirect bonds between metal atoms. We will assumethat the z-axis is defined as the metal–metal bond axis.(a) Which of the 3d orbitals (Figure 6.23) is most likely tomake a s bond between metal atoms? (b) Sketch the s3dbonding and s*3d antibonding MOs. (c) With reference tothe “Closer Look” box on the phases of orbitals, explain whya node is generated in the s*3d MO. (d) Sketch the energyleveldiagram for the Sc2 molecule, assuming that only the3d orbital from part (a) is important. (e) What is the bondorder in Sc2?
- The interhalogen compound BrF3 is a volatile, straw-colored liquid. The compound exhibits appreciable electrical conductivity because of autoionization (“solv” refers to BrF3 as the solvent): 2 BrF31l2 ∆ BrF2 +1solv2 + BrF4- 1solv2 (a) What are the molecular structures of the BrF2+ and BrF4- ions?Iodine monochloride and elemental bromine have nearly the same molar mass and liquid density but very different boiling points. (a) What molecular property is primarily responsible forthis difference in boiling point? What atomic property gives rise to it? Explain. (b) Which substance has a higher boiling point?Why?A student investigates the physical and chemical properties of various carbon-containing compounds. Thr complete Lewis electron-dot diagrams and boiling points for two compounds, Q and Z, are shown in the following table: B) Any C — H bond in compound Q is shorter than the S — H bond in compound Z. Explain the reason for this difference using principles of atomic structure.