1. Select two or three health-related issues that are affect social, behavioral, or cultural factors (e.g., socioeconom work environment, race, gender, etc.), and discuss how approach collecting and analyzing data to make accur generalizations about the population as a whole. 2. Compare and contrast using hypothesis testing and est analyze the data. n ropriate for generalizing abo
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- What is meant by the sample space of an experiment?Please answer the following questions: a) What is the difference between internal validity and external validity? Between the population studied and the population of interest? b) Suppose that a state offered voluntary standardized tests to all its third graders and that the resulting data were used in a study of class size on student performance. Explain how sample selection bias might invalidate the results. c) A researcher estimates the effect on crime rates of spending on policy by using city-level data. Explain how simultaneous causality might invalidate the results. d) Use the data set CPS2015 (On the text website http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stock_watson/, you will find a data file CPS2015, which contains data for full-time, full-year workers, age 25-34, with a high school diploma or B.A./B.S. as their highest degree. A detailed description is given in CPS2015_Description, also available on website. (These are the same data as in CPS96_15, used in Empirical Exercise 3.1, but…Below is the abstract from the paper, "Death by Market Power: Reform, Competition and Patient Outcomes in the National Health Service," by Martin Gaynor, Rodrigo Moreno-Serra & Carol Propper. The effect of competition on the quality of health care remains a contested issue. Most empirical estimates rely on inference from non experimental data. In contrast, this paper exploits a pro-competitive policy reform to provide estimates of the impact of competition on hospital outcomes. The English government introduced a policy in 2006 to promote competition between hospitals. Patients were given choice of location for hospital care and provided information on the quality and timeliness of care. Prices, previously negotiated between buyer and seller, were set centrally under a DRG type system. Using this policy to implement a difference-in-differences research design we estimate the impact of the introduction of competition on not only clinical outcomes but also…
- The following table shows the cross-classification of accounting practices (either straight line, declining balance, or both) and country (either France, Germany, or United Kingdom). France Germany United Kingdom Straight Line 20 11 30 Declining Balance 14 16 15 Both 15 23 13 Set up the competing hypotheses to determine if accounting practice and country are dependent. What is the degrees of freedom for the test. c. Calculate the value of the test statistic ().1. Sarah wants to know how gender impacts heart rate recovery after a maximal exercise test. In order to test this, she has both male and female athletes come into her lab and she measures both resting heart rate before the exercise test and heart rate immediately, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes following the exercise test. In order for her to determine whether heart rate differs pre-post exercise between males and females what statistical test might she use? 2. Dahlia is interested in how depression impacts willingness to exercise and go to the gym. In order to do this, she has to have a large sample size, so she decides to send out a survey to all college students at SUNY Cortland. Once she receives 80% of the surveys back from the students she begins to record the data. Because of the responses to her questionnaires, she will not have normally distributed data. In this case, what might be the best statistical test to use to determine whether going to the gym/willingness…Part 1) A researcher is going to conduct a survey about changes in drug offense sentencing. Assume 100 people will be surveyed. If at least 53% of those surveyed support the removal of mandatory sentencing laws, the researcher is going to conclude more than 50% of all residents support the removal. Based on this, what is the significance level of the test? Part 2) A researcher is going to conduct a survey about changes in drug offense sentencing. Assume 100 people will be surveyed. If at least 53% of those surveyed support the removal of mandatory sentencing laws, the researcher is going to conclude more than 50% of all residents support the removal. If the true percent of residents who support the removal is 55%, what is the probability of committing a type II error?
- In which situation would a researcher need to use a one-way independent measures ANOVA to analyze the data? a. A researcher is interested in whether a sensitivity training class changes attitudes toward minority populations and assesses these attitudes before and after the sensitivity training class. b. A researcher is interested in the effects of distraction on driving performance and randomly assigns participants to one of three distraction groups. c. A researcher is interested in a longitudinal study that follows a group of kindergarten children through high school and assesses their body mass index at four time points. d. A researcher classifies a group of college students on the basis of their political leanings as Liberal, Conservative, NDP, or PQ.Why is a cohort design more efficient than a case-control design to study a rare exposure? (Select one best answer) Group of answer choices a. Subjects are selected based on their exposure status. b. Subjects are selected based on their disease status. c. Subjects are selected based on their exposure and disease status. d. Subjects are selected based on their random allocation to treatment or placebo. e. None of these.Provide an example of a between-subjects study. Hypothesis: Independent Variable: Experimental Group Control Group
- The area of inferential statistics called hypothesis testing is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population parameter, based on information obtained from samples. True or falseWhich of the following research situations would be most likely to use an independent-measures design? a. examine the development of vocabulary as a group of children mature from age 2 to age 3 b. examine the long-term effectiveness of a stop-smoking treatment by interviewing individuals 2 months and 6 months after the treatment ends c. compare the mathematics skills for 9th-grade boys relative to 9th-grade girls d. compare the blood-pressure readings before medication and after medication for a group of patients with high blood pressure
