1. Stages of the insulin biosynthesis and maturation. Components: A. N-terminal amino acid. B. N-signal peptide. C. Preproinsulin. D. Proinsulin. E. C-peptide. Vi pcummem Сеченова пенный 2) I. Ceuenosa
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- Which of the following statements concerning insulin is NOT true? a. Insulin can increase glycogen synthesis. b. The presence of insulin can increase glucose uptake. c. Insulin can increase the secretion of epinephrine. d. It is secreted by the beta cell of pancreas. e. Glucose in blood can up-regulate the secretion of insulin.A. What is the difference between preproinsulin and proinsulin? B. What is cleaved out of proinsulin to allow the mature insulin molecule to be formed? C. What is the C peptide and why is it medically significant? D. What is the purpose of the signal sequence and why isn’t it present in the mature insulin molecule?Which of these statements about the hormone insulin is true? a.It is secreted by alpha cells in the pancreatic islets. b.It is secreted in response to a rise in blood glucose. c.It stimulates the production of glycogen and fat. d.Both a and b are true. e.Both b and c are true.
- Distinguish the difference of the mechanism of insulin insufficient DM and insulin resistance DM.It is noticed that when a strain of mice exercises, their blood glucose drops to very low levels. Which of the following can explain this situation? a) These mice do not make enough insulin b) these mice lack insulin receptors on their cells c)these mice lack glucagon d) these mice cannot synthesize glycogen from glucoseWhich of the following statements about insulin is not true? a. The insulin receptor has tyrosine kinase activity. b. Insulin increases fat synthesis in adipose cells. c. Insulin increases glycogen synthesis d. Insulin increases gluconeogenesis reactions.
- Discuss the following statement: “We wouldhave no idea today of the importance of insulin as a reg-ulatory hormone if its absence were not associated withthe human disease diabetes. It is the dramatic conse-quences of its absence that focused early efforts on theidentification of insulin and the study of its normal role inphysiology.”A doctor has three patients who he suspects may be diabetic. On two occasions, each patient was administered a sugar test (i.e., was asked to consume a very sugary beverage) and their blood sugar levels were monitored for 120 minutes according to the graphs shown below. a) Which of the three patients does not have diabetes? How do you know? b) Which of the three patients has Type I diabetes? How do you know? c) Which of the three patients has Type II diabetes? How do you know?A certain type of tumor results in the overproduction of glucagon. Researchers claim that treatment with insulin can counteract the effects of the excess glucagon . Provide reasoning to justify the researchers' claim.
- Which of the following correctly describes the hormone insulin? a. It is produced by B cells in the pancreas. b. It increases glucose uptake by liver and muscle cells. c. It is a peptide hormone. d. It lowers blood glucose levels. e. All of these are correct.Discuss and trace the pathway of the production of insulin, starting from the stimulation by glucose.The insulin that does not have a peak of action is:A. Glulisin (Apidra)B. Glargine (Lantus)C. Isophane (Protaphane)D. Biphasic Insulin N 70/30E. Aspart (Novolog)
