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- 1. What is urine? What are the normal metabolic products present in urine? 2. What is the clinical significance of the following tests? Discuss what constituent is being detected and give the positive result for each test. A. Murexide test B. Obermeyer’s test C. Benedict’s test D. Lucke’s reaction E. Jaffe’s test F. Ammoniacal zinc chloride testA physician orders 1800 mL of lactated Ringer’s solutions to be administered over a 14 hour period. The IV is calibrated to deliver 12gtt/mL. How many drops per minute should the patient receiveOrder: cefoxitin sodium (Mefoxin) 200 mg IM Q4HSupply: 1g powderDiluent: 2 mL sterile waterConcentration 400 mg/mLRound to the nearest tenth Order: 1000 mL D5NS IV to run at 150 mL/hrCalculate the drops per minute (gtts/min) for each of the different tubing.a) Macrodrop (10 gtt/mL) b) Microdrip (60 gtt/mL)
- Differentiate the following:a. Absorbed water from occluded water on the sampleb. Adsorbed water from occluded water on the samplec. Interstitial water from water of constitutionWhat are alternative testing method for glucose aside from urine test strip? a. Whether the alternative testing method was made before or after the urine reagent strip b. Summarized Procedure c. Causes for False Positives d. Causes for False Negativeswhat is most likey the color of the urine of a patient wiith diabetes mellitusHow can a hemoglobinuria and hematuria be differentiatedGive atleast 3 pathologic and 3 physiologic causes of turbid urine
- A sample from a 65-year-old man was brought tothe lab at 9am from a private clinic. Serumpotassium is 8.5 mmol/L. The test was repeatedand the same result is obtained. All laboratorychecks have been carried out and the result isanalytically valid. The doctor is called via telephoneand he reveals that the sample was taken at 4pmthe previous day by the nurse. a) Comment on the value of potassium obtainedb) What could possibly be the cause for such resultsobtained?c) What course of action would you recommend?The doctors order says: Vancomyan 2,000mg IV The label on the vial says to reconstitute with Sterile water for a concentration of 2 mg/mI then dilute each 2mg in 75ml of sterile NS. How many ml will you use to administer the order dose? please show workingDetermine which reason/substance IS NOT directly related to the given urine analysis result. 1. Orange urine RBC Bilirubin Azo-gantrisin Pyridium 2. Black urine Melanin Homogentisic acid Melanogen Metabolite of phenylalanine 3. Strongly positive on Glucose (Reagent strip) D-Penicillamine Cecon Glycosuria Pregnancy 4. Weakly positive on blood (Reagent strip) Zonrox Chlorpromazine Hydrogen peroxide Hematuria 5. Pathologic milky urine Squamous epithelial cells RBC WBC Bacteria 6. Strongly positive for bilirubin (Reagent strip) Pyridium Chlorpromazine Chlorhexidine Phenazopyridine
- Your laboratory supervisor asks you to determine a patient’s 24-hour creatinine clearance. The urinesample reported on the laboratory report is 580 mL. The plasma creatinine level is reported as 10 mg/L.In addition, the urine creatinine concentration was 820 mg/L.Use the information in the case and determine the 24-hour creatinine clearance of this patient. Takeinto consideration the 24-hour duration.A college student was brought to hospital with complaint of recurrent abdominal pain. He informedthe doctor that the pain increases whenever heeatsoil rich foods. Clinical examination showed yellow colored sclera. His serum total bilirubin, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin levels were 8 mg/dL, 6 mg/dL and 2 mg/dL respectively. The urine test was positive for bilirubin. However,urobilinogen was not found in urine. WRITEand EXPLAINyour diagnosisWhat are alternative testing method for glucose aside from using urine test strip? a. Is alternative testing method made before or after the urine reagent strip? b. Summarized Procedure c. Causes for False Positives d. Causes for False Negatives