1. Using an appropriate set of models, make molecular models of the compounds listed below and complete the table. No. of lone Dipole No. of bond pairs (bp) pairs on Hybridization Molecular central atom of central Molecular Bond moment formula (Ip) geometry angle(s) (yes or no) atoms BeCl, BF, SnCly CH4 NH3 Н,о PCI SF BrF XeF SF IF XeF4

1. Using an appropriate set of models, make molecular models of the compounds listed below and complete the table. No. of lone Dipole No. of bond pairs (bp) pairs on Hybridization Molecular central atom of central Molecular Bond moment formula (Ip) geometry angle(s) (yes or no) atoms BeCl, BF, SnCly CH4 NH3 Н,о PCI SF BrF XeF SF IF XeF4

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter9: Covalent Bonding: Orbitals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 46E: Sketch the molecular orbital and label its type ( or , bonding or antibonding) that would be formed...

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Sketch the molecular orbital and label its type ( or , bonding or antibonding) that would be formed when the following atomic orbitals overlap. Explain your labels. a. b. c. d.
Select one: True or False 1- Besides providing the largest suitable number of valance orbitals for covalent bond formation it can determine the final shape of the molecule for example Sp hybridization leads to a diagonal planner molecule, SP2 hybridization while Sp3 hybridization leads a pyramidal (tetrahydral shape) 2- About the underlying compound ( in the images ) , it it’s a calcium complex of EDTA used to treat metal toxicities like pulmbism in order to avoid hypocalcaemia.
Given the following molecules and/or ions, characterize them according to the formatshown in the table below. The central atom of the molecule/ion is shown in boldface.The central atom or molecules marked with an asterisk (*) do not obey the octet rule. SF6* XeF2* SnCl4 A=Bonding electronsB= Sigma-bondsC =Nonbonding electron pairsD= Hybrid orbitals havingnonbonding electron pairsE =Hybrid orbitals usedF= 3-D structure (NAME)G =Polar (P) or nonpolar (NP) MOLECULE OR ION LEWIS STRUCTURE A B C D E F G
Construct an approximate molecular orbital energy diagram for a hypothetical planar form of NH3. From a consideration of the atomic energy levels, place the N and H3 orbitals on either side of a molecular orbital energy-level diagram. Then use your judgement about the effect of bonding and anti bonding interactions and energies of the parent orbitals to construct the molecular orbital energy levels in the centre of your diagram and draw lines indicating the contributions of the atomic orbitals to each molecular orbital. Ionization energies are I(H1s) = 13.6 eV, I(N2s) = 26.0 eV, and I(N2p)=13.4 eV.
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings ofthree possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape,give the electron-domain geometry on which the moleculargeometry is based. (b) For each shape, how many nonbondingelectron domains are there on atom A? (c) Which of thefollowing elements will lead to an AF4 molecule with theshape in (iii): Be, C, S, Se, Si, Xe? (d) Name an element A thatis expected to lead to the AF4 structure shown in (i).
The lactic acid molecule, CH3CH1OH2COOH, gives sourmilk its unpleasant, sour taste. (a) Draw the Lewis structurefor the molecule, assuming that carbon always forms fourbonds in its stable compounds. (b) How many p and howmany s bonds are in the molecule? (c) Which CO bond isshortest in the molecule? (d) What is the hybridization ofatomic orbitals around the carbon atom associated withthat short bond? (e) What are the approximate bond anglesaround each carbon atom in the molecule?
From models of SF4, BrF3, and XeF4, deduce whether differentatom arrangements, called geometrical isomers, are possible, and,if so, sketch them below.Indicate the preferred geometry foreach case and suggest a reason for your choice.Indicatewhich structures have dipole moments, and show their direction. Molecule Dipole Moment Preferred Geometry SF4 BrF3 XeF4
For each of the following molecules or molecular ions,give the steric number, sketch and name the approximatemolecular geometry, and describe the directions of anydistortions from the approximate geometry due to lonepairs. In each case, the central atom is listed first and theother atoms are all bonded directly to it.(a) ICl4- (b) OF2(c) BrO3- (d) CS2
The lactic acid molecule, CH3CH(OH)COOH, gives sourmilk its unpleasant, sour taste. (a) Draw the Lewis structurefor the molecule, assuming that carbon always forms fourbonds in its stable compounds. (b) How many π and howmany σ bonds are in the molecule? (c) Which CO bond isshortest in the molecule? (d) What is the hybridization ofatomic orbitals around the carbon atom associated withthat short bond? (e) What are the approximate bond anglesaround each carbon atom in the molecule?
The diagram that follows shows the highest-energy occupiedMOs of a neutral molecule CX, where element X is in thesame row of the periodic table as C. (a) Based on the numberof electrons, can you determine the identity of X? (b) Wouldthe molecule be diamagnetic or paramagnetic? (c) Considerthe p2p MOs of the molecule. Would you expect them to havea greater atomic orbital contribution from C, have a greateratomic orbital contribution from X, or be an equal mixtureof atomic orbitals from the two atoms?
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What hybridization is required for central atoms that have a tetrahedral arrangement ofelectron pairs? A trigonal planar arrangement of electron pairs? A linear arrangement ofelectron pairs? How many unhybridized p atomic orbitals are present when a centralatom exhibits tetrahedral geometry? Trigonal planar geometry? Linear geometry? Whatare the unhybridized p atomic orbitals used for?