1.) What is the 3rd most prevalent element in the human body (name, not symbol)? 2.) What is the 2nd most prevalent element in soil (name, not symbol)? 3.) What is the name of the next heaviest element in the same family as oxygen? 4.) Give the names of three halogens. 5.) What is the group of elements called that consists of very unreactive gases?

1.) What is the 3rd most prevalent element in the human body (name, not symbol)? 2.) What is the 2nd most prevalent element in soil (name, not symbol)? 3.) What is the name of the next heaviest element in the same family as oxygen? 4.) Give the names of three halogens. 5.) What is the group of elements called that consists of very unreactive gases?

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter2: Atoms, Molecules, And Ions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 31Q

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These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson: From Thomson’s work, which particles do you think he would feel are most important in the formation of compounds (chemical changes) and why? Of the remaining two subatomic particles, which do you place second in importance for forming compounds and why? Come up with three models that explain Thomson’s findings and evaluate them. To be complete you should include Thomson’s findings.
Match these by placing the correct notation in the appropriate blank. 3467Se3367As3567Br3672Kr a. Contains 33 neutrons b. Contains greatest number of neutrons c. Contains equal number of protons and neutrons d. Contains the same number of neutrons as there are protons in As-67
Each of the following statements is true, but Dalton might have had trouble explaining some of them with his atomic theory. Give explanations for the following statements. a. The space-filling models for ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are shown below. These two compounds have die same composition by mass (52% carbon, 13% hydrogen, and 35% oxygen), yet the two have different melting points, boiling points, and solubilities in water. b. Burning wood leaves an ash that is only a small fraction of the mass of the original wood. c. Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles. d. One sample of lithium hydride is 87.4% lithium by mass, while another sample of lithium hydride Ls 74.9% lithium by mass. However, the two samples have the same chemical properties.
Given that the periodic table is an organizational scheme for the elements, what might be some other logical ways in which to group the elements that would provide meaningful chemical information in a periodic table of your own devising?
The average atomic masses of some elements may vary, depending upon the sources of their ores. Naturally occurring boron consists of two isotopes with accurately known masses ( 10B, 10.0129 amu and 11B, 11.0931 amu). The actual atomic mass of boron can vary from 10.807 to 10.8 19, depending on whether the mineral source is from Turkey or the United States. Calculate the percent abundances leading to the two values of the average atomic masses of boron from these two countries.
These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson. a. From Thomsons work, which particles do you think he would feel are most important for the formation of compounds (chemical changes) and why? b. Of the remaining two subatomic particles, which do you place second in importance for forming compounds and why? c. Propose three models that explain Thomsons findings and evaluate them. To be complete you should include Thomsons findings.
Chlorine has two prominent isotopes,37Cl and35Cl . Which is more abundant? How do you know?
2.74 The accompanying table provides the identity of the two naturally occurring isotopes for four elements and the atomic weights for those elements. (In each case, the two isotopes differ in mass number by two.) Which element has the mass spectrum shown? Explain your answer.
Two elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary compounds. In the first compound, 14.0 g of R combines with 3.00 g of Q. In the second compound, 7.00 g of R combines with 4.50 g of Q. Show that these data are in accord with the law of multiple proportions. If the formula of the second compound is RQ, what is the formula of the first compound?
In the following drawing, the green spheres represent atoms of a certain element. The purple spheres represent atoms of another element. If the spheres of different elements touch, they are part of a single unit of a compound. The following chemical change represented by these spheres may violate one of the ideas of Dalton’s atomic theory. Which one?
2.41 How does the periodic table help to make the study of chemistry more systematic?
Click on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the Mix Isotopes tab, hide the Percent Composition and Average Atomic Mass boxes, and then select the element boron. Write the symbols of the isotopes of boron that are shown as naturally occurring in significant amounts. Predict the relative amounts (percentages) of these boron isotopes found in nature. Explain the reasoning behind your choice. Add isotopes to the black box to make a mixture that matches your prediction in (b). You may drag isotopes from their bins or click on More and then move the sliders to the appropriate amounts. Reveal the Percent Composition and Average Atomic Mass boxes. How well does your mixture match with your prediction? If necessary, adjust the isotope amounts to match your prediction. Select Nature’s mix of isotopes and compare it to your prediction. How well does your prediction compare with the naturally occurring mixture? Explain. If necessary, adjust your amounts to make them match Nature’s amounts as closely as possible. 21. Repeat Exercise 2.20 using an element that has three naturally occurring isotopes.

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