1. What is the key difference between causal and effectuation thinking process? a) Causal focuses on what is in the hand, but effectuation don’t look what is in the hand b) In both processes, the resource and outcome is determined c) In causal process, the outcome is already determined, but for effectuation, there is a range of possible outcome. d) Involves the ability to rapidly sense, act and mobilize 2. Which one of the following are the characteristics of the traditionally managed firm? a) Episodic use of rent of required resources b) Opportunity search restricted by controlled resources c) Rapid growth is the top priority d) Management structure is flat with multiple informal networks 3. Lego has been changing the materials of its famous bricks to biodegradable oil-based plastics, what type of entrepreneurial thinking is this? a) Bricolage b) Cognitive adaptability c) Superficial similarities d) Structural similarities 4. Nirob has BDT 10000, a high-speed personal computer with internet access and knowledge about programming as the resource at hand. He has applied these resources to develop a new app that will use a sensor system to record the brain pulse of people. This concept is completely new in his country. What kind of entrepreneurial thinking is this? a) Structural b) Bricolage c) Effectuate d) Cognitive adaptability
Q: Millennials" are individuals born between ________, who prefer _______ in workplace. a. 1972 and…
A: Population belongs to different time sequences and depending upon those time sequences they are…
Q: Situational analysis is the evaluation of __________________. a. Opportunities and threats b.…
A: Environmental Monitoring refers to scanning the environment in which a company works. There are…
Q: For a running shoe maker developing an end user profile for a new product, a running club meeting…
A: Answer is explained below:
Q: Controls are used to standardize performance for increasing Select one: O a. Efficiency b. None of…
A: Controls are used to standardize performance for increasing: Efficiency None of the above Efficacy…
Q: Karen Valdez is a call center agent of Ringing Telecom Company. She was one of the performing…
A: Performance evaluation is a method to evaluate the performance of the employees according to the…
Q: the Young’s view of the creative process with diagram.
A: Various marketing corporations also as personas had already delineated creative advertising in…
Q: 9 - Which of the following is one of the values that a manager should determine in order to be…
A: Problem-solving abilities and values assist a manager to fix the cause of difficulty and obtain an…
Q: potential challenges that the managers or owners of the business could face in addressing…
A: The following are the challenges that a manager could face in addressing organizational performance…
Q: Management Multiple Choice Questions: (steppings and explanation not required) Question 4 Which is…
A: Resistant to change can be defined as reluctance towards that change which needs to be proposed or…
Q: What is a task? What is an event? What is a milestone
A: Task- Undertaking task, obligation, work, errand, stretch, task mean a bit of work to be finished.…
Q: How to draft problem statement of research proposal topic,"Investigating the role of intrinsic…
A: The problem statement is generally comprised of three basic elements, which are the problem itself,…
Q: Given the trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness, managers should strive for the highest.…
A: The fact of the matter is that effectiveness is undeniably more significant than efficiency.…
Q: How will you make your National Service Training Program(NSTP) meaningful and worthwhile in Mixed…
A: National Service Training Program is a training programme, which has its objective focusing on the…
Q: Which of the following according to our text is not useful in defining the intervention? a.Number…
A: Intervention can be defined as an activity undertaken specifically with a view to prevent or make…
Q: What best describes the Egg Shell Skull Rule: Select one: a. The amount of compensation relates only…
A: The correct answer is b. The amount of compensation depend on the 'state of being' of the victim at…
Q: TQM stands for Select one: a. true quality management O b. total quality management c. total…
A: As per Bartleby guidelines, we can only solve one question at a time...Kindly upload the other…
Q: Dutta is in second year of his first full time job fter graduation in engineering. He enjoys design…
A: Strong work ethic is one of the most important traits behind success of every individual. It can be…
Q: How you would advise a person or a company to use Gantt and PERT charts. Differentiate between the…
A: Gantt charts and PERT charts are both tools for visualizing projects from start to finish, as well…
Q: ing Learning in Iss of a professional institüte. poor perfori the students have been explored. A…
A: Cause and Effect Diagram: The Cause and Effect diagram is used to identify/search the proper causes…
Q: Please read the case "Internal Consistency at "Customers First" on page 143-144. Do you think that…
A: Job Analysis is a method to recognize and learn in detail the precise job responsibilities,…
Q: I need ans all parts urgently your and will be rated The element of control is... a. Benchmarking…
A: Controlling involves ensuring that performance does not deviate from standards. It consists of five…
Q: HOWCAN MISSING GUARANTED DEADLINES, LATE DELIVERY OF GOODS AND INCREASE IN MOTOR VEHICLE GAS BILL…
A: Missing Guaranteed deadlines, late deliveries of good and increase in motor vehicle gas bill are a…
Q: with what you would need if you’re attending MICE activity
A: * Introduction - Before understanding the prominent prerequisite for attending a MICE activity let…
Q: You are working in the department manager at manufacturing industry. What is your responsibility to…
A: This question is related to the topic of production management and this topic falls under the…
Q: Which of the following is NOT an internal business process metric in healthcare?
A: Out of the following the factor which is NOT an internal business process metric in healthcare is-
Q: 12. During the controlling process certain steps are followed such as (a) taking corrective action,…
A: The Correct answer is (d) D,C,B,A Explanation The control process is the mechanism that enables all…
Q: du.om/mod/quiz/attempt.php?attempt-14287098cmid3D7119448&page-D4 g System (Academic) tions…
A: Employee and staff are very important person in the organization. An employee performance can affect…
Q: Q3. What is progressive discipline? How does it work? Is its basic approach realistic in work…
A: Progressive discipline is a mechanism that does not fulfill anticipated and recorded expectations of…
Q: comes to an end with the actual implementation of a decision Select one: a. Decision making O b.…
A: Implementation of decision refers to the step taken by the organizational manager to enter into…
Q: Vhich of the following observations could be a sign that a customer is intoxicated? O You see a…
A: Customer is the one who participates into the economic exchange with the business. He will purchase…
Q: As a result of continuously measuring and evaluating their performance. Dana Pastries identified…
A: Controlling is one of the main elements of the board. It is something that each supervisor needs to…
Q: Overbooked: The Housekeeping Perspective It is no secret that in all hotels, the director of…
A: Concept Of Housekeeping In A Hotel - Housekeeping, in a hotel, is a concept, which can be said as a…
Q: This table shows some standards used in General Management. Provide specific examples for each of…
A: Event management is the process of managing the overall work related to the event to achieve the…
Q: Appropriate mentoring and coaching processes to ensure that individuals and teams are able to…
A: Coaching focusses on performance and task. It is process in which is concrete and specific.…
Q: Why is it important to define the system of interestbefore embarking on improvement? Give…
A: The structure of interest is a collection of elements that describe both the operating and…
Q: Briefly define or explain each of these tools:a. Brainstormingb. Benchmarkingc. Run charts
A: Brainstorming is the process of generating ideas to solve a problem. It is a relaxed, informal…
Q: Give an real life situation example of the following : 1. Disturbance Handler
A: A Small Introduction about Disturbance Disturbance plays such an essential role in ecology that…
Q: 9. Which of the following roles include a varlety of Business Analysis Tasks? A. CEO/CIO B. QA…
A: As per the guidelines mentioned the first question is answered. Each position in the organizational…
Q: Which of the following is a best title for a top manger? a. Department manager b. Production manager…
A: There are a number of activities and tasks that are being carried out in an organization. There are…
1. What is the key difference between causal and effectuation thinking process?
a) Causal focuses on what is in the hand, but effectuation don’t look what is in the hand
b) In both processes, the resource and outcome is determined
c) In causal process, the outcome is already determined, but for effectuation, there is a range of possible outcome.
d) Involves the ability to rapidly sense, act and mobilize
2. Which one of the following are the characteristics of the traditionally managed firm?
a) Episodic use of rent of required resources
b) Opportunity search restricted by controlled resources
c) Rapid growth is the top priority
d) Management structure is flat with multiple informal networks
3. Lego has been changing the materials of its famous bricks to biodegradable oil-based plastics, what type of entrepreneurial thinking is this?
a) Bricolage
b) Cognitive adaptability
c) Superficial similarities
d) Structural similarities
4. Nirob has BDT 10000, a high-speed personal computer with internet access and knowledge about programming as the resource at hand. He has applied these resources to develop a new app that will use a sensor system to record the brain pulse of people. This concept is completely new in his country. What kind of entrepreneurial thinking is this?
a) Structural
b) Bricolage
c) Effectuate
d) Cognitive adaptability
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Cousins Jeri Lynn De Bose, Tish Hoover, and Josephine (Joey) Parks looked forward to meeting up during the Christmas holidays to compare notes on the results of midyear teacher evaluations. All were public school teachers in districts scattered over the state. In the pressured search for new levels of teacher accountability demanded by legislators, the state department of education joined 16 other States in implementing a new teacher evaluation system. The goal is to hold teachers account-able for student learning progress in the classroom. Under the guidance of the National Council for Teacher Quality, criteria varies by State, but in most cases, 40 percent of each teacher's accountability score would be based on the principal's evaluation and ranking based on personal observation, 30 percent would be based on personal observation by a master teacher from outside the district, and the Other 30 percent would be based on student test score gains. The state department of education would set a performance goal each school district, and the principal would set a performance goal for each teacher. In preparation, the State conducted intensive training sessions for principals and designated master teachers who would conduct the evaluations based on four class observations per teacher Officials used standardized achievement tests to derive value-added scores that measure student learning over the year. Teacher ratings were 1-5, with I am being the lowest and 5 representing near perfection. The publication of the first year's evaluations stirred interest and controversy, particularly among teachers who worried about the possible long-term effects on job retention and tenure. Now, with the first-year evaluations in hand, the three cousins pored over their experiences. The three represented different types of school systems within the state. Jeri Lynn worked for a metropolitan system in the state capital. The system included many low-income students whose first language was nor English, and several schools within the system were teetering on the brink of State takeover if improvement in student scores didn't materialize this school year. Tish worked in a county System dominated by upper-income residents, and Joey taught in the rural community in which all three grew up. The rural community had high unemployment, and a low percentage of graduates went on to college. As a result, the cousins came to the table with differing teaching experiences. "The numbers are all over the place," Jeri Lynn remarked as she studied the pages. "The whole system is flawed, and they need to make changes," Joey said. "It's too subjective. The principal and master teacher observations are subjective because there are personal factors that affect a true outcome." "Yeah, look at the numbers from your upper-income district," Jeri Lynn said to Tish. "How can 60 percent of the teachers score 5s?' Tish chuckled. "Yeah, lucky us. Our schools are overflowing with children from wealthy families. These are the kids who will apply to Ivy League schools. I can tell you that the principals are going to avoid confrontation on all fronts. No principal is going to give any indication that their students are receiving an education that's less than perfect, and that means cramming the rankings with 5s. They claim a higher level of motivation for students, and thus the selection of an elite team of educators. So with those pressures, I don't think we get personal feedback that is accurate." "At the other end of the spectrum, we have my rural district," Joey said. "The big problem is that the principals know everyone and have longstanding relationships with everyone in the county, so I think scores are based on personal history. We could almost predict who would get high or low scores before the observations. For principals, it can go back as far as 'his daddy and my daddy hated each other in high school, and now I get to evaluate his daughter "I think that in many cases, principals feel pressure to align scores with state expectations. The stare expected my district to have high scores and expected rural schools such as yours to be lower," Tish said. "But isn't that partially offset by lower goals for the rural school distracts responded Joey. "The key to the accountability system is the principal in each school," Jeri Lynn suggested. "With several of the schools in Metro teetering on the edge of state takeover by the end of the year, we had lots of strict principals who wanted to hold our feet to the fire with lower scores." "I thought the whole idea was to provide the teachers With feedback so that we would know the areas where we need improvement," Tish said. "The principals were supposed to conduct two observations in the fall and two more in the spring," Jeri Lynn said. think that's asking too much of them when they already have so much on their plates. I think a lot of them are skimping on their visits. know I only had one observation last semester, and I'm sure Mr. Talley just faked the second set of numbers. The master teachers make only two observations a year, which may be more objective but counts for less." "I'm wondering, too, how a principal measure performance in a course area outside his area of expertise, such as math," Joey said. "If the guy has a phobia about math, anything the teacher says or does is going to 100k brilliant-thus a 5." Tish and Jeri Lynn looked at each other and laughed. "Maybe we picked the wrong subjects," Tish said. "My question is one of perception," Jeri Lynn said. "A large percentage of my students are ELL. That affects their scores. How do you measure a 3 in my situation against a 5 for Tish? At the end of the school year, little Carlos is thrilled that his reading in English has improved, but there`s no Big Bang here. a slow steady improvement that may not actually show up in big strides for a couple of years: "So, the question is how do they create a system that is fair?" Tish asked. "And accurate," added Jeri Lynn. How might the state control the accuracy of principals who are conducting teacher evaluations? Explain.Chris Dykstra, responsible for loss prevention at Electronics took a deep breath before he launched into making his case for the changes that he was proposing to the company's shoplifting policy. He knew that convincing Ross Chenoweth was going to be a hard sell. Ross, the president and CEO was the son of the founder of the local, still-family-owned consumer electronics chain based in Phoenix, Arizona. He'd inherited not only the company, but also, his father's strict moral code. "I think it's time to follow the lead of other stores," Chris began. He pointed out that most Other retailers didn't bother calling the police and pressing charges unless the thief had shoplifted merchandise worth more than $50 to $100. In contrast, Westwind currently had a zero-tolerance policy toward theft that Ross's father had put in place when he started the business. Chris wanted to replace that policy with one that prosecuted only individuals between IS and 65 who had stolen more than $20 worth of goods, and who had a previous history of theft at Westwind. In the case of first-time culprits under IS or over 65, he argued for letting them Off With a strict warning, regardless of the value of their ill-gotten goods. Repeat offenders would be arrested. "Frankly, the local police are getting pretty tired Of having to come to Our stores every time a teenager sticks a CD in his jacket pocket," Chris pointed out. "And besides, we just afford the costs associated with prosecuting everyone." Every time he pressed charges against a shoplifter who'd made Off with a $10 item, Westwind lost money. The company had to engage a lawyer and pay employees Overtime for their court appearances. In addition, Chris was looking at hiring more security guards to keep up with the workload. Westwind was already in a losing battle at the moment with mass retailers who were competing all too successfully on price, so passing on the costs of its zero-tolerance policy to Customers wasn't really an option. " Let's concentrate on catching dishonest employees and those organized-theft rings. They're the ones who are really hurting us," Chris concluded. There was a long pause after Chris finished his carefully prepared speech. Ross thought about his recently deceased father, both an astute businessman and a person for whom honesty was a key guiding principle. If he were sitting here today, he`d no doubt say that theft was theft—that setting a minimum was tantamount to saying that stealing was acceptable, just as long as you steal too much. He looked at Chris. "You know, we've both got teenagers. Is this really a message you want to send out, especially to kids? You know as well as I do that there's nothing they like better than testing limits. It's almost an invitation to see if you can beat the system." But then Ross faltered as he found himself glancing at the latest financial figures on his desk—another in a string of quarterly losses. If West-wind went under, a lot of employees would be looking for another way to make a living. In his heart, he believed in his father's high moral standards, but he had to ask himself: Just how moral could Westwind afford to be? Continue Westwind's zero-tolerance policy toward shoplifting. It's the right thing to do—and it Will pay Off in the end in higher profitability because the chain's reputation for being tough on crime Will reduce overall losses from theft.Chris Dykstra, responsible for loss prevention at Electronics took a deep breath before he launched into making his case for the changes that he was proposing to the company's shoplifting policy. He knew that convincing Ross Chenoweth was going to be a hard sell. Ross, the president and CEO was the son of the founder of the local, still-family-owned consumer electronics chain based in Phoenix, Arizona. He'd inherited not only the company, but also, his father's strict moral code. "I think it's time to follow the lead of other stores," Chris began. He pointed out that most Other retailers didn't bother calling the police and pressing charges unless the thief had shoplifted merchandise worth more than $50 to $100. In contrast, Westwind currently had a zero-tolerance policy toward theft that Ross's father had put in place when he started the business. Chris wanted to replace that policy with one that prosecuted only individuals between IS and 65 who had stolen more than $20 worth of goods, and who had a previous history of theft at Westwind. In the case of first-time culprits under IS or over 65, he argued for letting them Off With a strict warning, regardless of the value of their ill-gotten goods. Repeat offenders would be arrested. "Frankly, the local police are getting pretty tired Of having to come to Our stores every time a teenager sticks a CD in his jacket pocket," Chris pointed out. "And besides, we just afford the costs associated with prosecuting everyone." Every time he pressed charges against a shoplifter who'd made Off with a $10 item, Westwind lost money. The company had to engage a lawyer and pay employees Overtime for their court appearances. In addition, Chris was looking at hiring more security guards to keep up with the workload. Westwind was already in a losing battle at the moment with mass retailers who were competing all too successfully on price, so passing on the costs of its zero-tolerance policy to Customers wasn't really an option. " Let's concentrate on catching dishonest employees and those organized-theft rings. They're the ones who are really hurting us," Chris concluded. There was a long pause after Chris finished his carefully prepared speech. Ross thought about his recently deceased father, both an astute businessman and a person for whom honesty was a key guiding principle. If he were sitting here today, he`d no doubt say that theft was theft—that setting a minimum was tantamount to saying that stealing was acceptable, just as long as you steal too much. He looked at Chris. "You know, we've both got teenagers. Is this really a message you want to send out, especially to kids? You know as well as I do that there's nothing they like better than testing limits. It's almost an invitation to see if you can beat the system." But then Ross faltered as he found himself glancing at the latest financial figures on his desk—another in a string of quarterly losses. If West-wind went under, a lot of employees would be looking for another way to make a living. In his heart, he believed in his father's high moral standards, but he had to ask himself: Just how moral could Westwind afford to be? Adopt Chris Dykstra`s proposed changes, but with a higher limit than the proposed $20 amount (say, $50 or $100), but which is still less than the cost of prosecution. In addition, make sure that the policy isn't publicized. That way, you'll reduce costs even more and still benefit from your reputation for prosecuting all shoplifters.
- Chris Dykstra, responsible for loss prevention at Electronics took a deep breath before he launched into making his case for the changes that he was proposing to the company's shoplifting policy. He knew that convincing Ross Chenoweth was going to be a hard sell. Ross, the president and CEO was the son of the founder of the local, still-family-owned consumer electronics chain based in Phoenix, Arizona. He'd inherited not only the company, but also, his father's strict moral code. "I think it's time to follow the lead of other stores," Chris began. He pointed out that most Other retailers didn't bother calling the police and pressing charges unless the thief had shoplifted merchandise worth more than $50 to $100. In contrast, Westwind currently had a zero-tolerance policy toward theft that Ross's father had put in place when he started the business. Chris wanted to replace that policy with one that prosecuted only individuals between IS and 65 who had stolen more than $20 worth of goods, and who had a previous history of theft at Westwind. In the case of first-time culprits under IS or over 65, he argued for letting them Off With a strict warning, regardless of the value of their ill-gotten goods. Repeat offenders would be arrested. "Frankly, the local police are getting pretty tired Of having to come to Our stores every time a teenager sticks a CD in his jacket pocket," Chris pointed out. "And besides, we just afford the costs associated with prosecuting everyone." Every time he pressed charges against a shoplifter who'd made Off with a $10 item, Westwind lost money. The company had to engage a lawyer and pay employees Overtime for their court appearances. In addition, Chris was looking at hiring more security guards to keep up with the workload. Westwind was already in a losing battle at the moment with mass retailers who were competing all too successfully on price, so passing on the costs of its zero-tolerance policy to Customers wasn't really an option. "Let's concentrate on catching dishonest employees and those organized-theft rings. They're the ones who are really hurting us," Chris concluded. There was a long pause after Chris finished his carefully prepared speech. Ross thought about his recently deceased father, both an astute businessman and a person for whom honesty was a key guiding principle. If he were sitting here today, he`d no doubt say that theft was theft—that setting a minimum was tantamount to saying that stealing was acceptable, just as long as you steal too much. He looked at Chris. "You know, we've both got teenagers. Is this really a message you want to send out, especially to kids? You know as well as I do that there's nothing they like better than testing limits. It's almost an invitation to see if you can beat the system." But then Ross faltered as he found himself glancing at the latest financial figures on his desk—another in a string of quarterly losses. If West-wind went under, a lot of employees would be looking for another way to make a living. In his heart, he believed in his father's high moral standards, but he had to ask himself: Just how moral could Westwind afford to be? Adopt Chris Dykstra's proposed changes and show more leniency to first-time offenders. It is a more cost effective approach to the problem than the current policy, plus it stays close to your father's Original intent.Cousins Jeri Lynn DeBose, Tish Hoover, and Josephine (Joey) Parks looked forward to meeting up during the Christmas holidays to compare notes on the results of midyear teacher evaluations. All were public school teachers in districts scattered over the state. In the pressured search for new levels of teacher accountability demanded by legislators, the state department of education joined 16 other States in implementing a new teacher evaluation system. The goal is to hold teachers account-able for student learning progress in the classroom. Under the guidance of the National Council for Teacher Quality, criteria varies by State, but in most cases, 40 percent of each teacher's accountability score would be based on the principal's evaluation and ranking based on personal observation, 30 percent would be based on personal observation by a master teacher from outside the district, and the Other 30 percent would be based on student test score gains. The state department of education would set a performance goal each school district, and the principal would set a performance goal for each teacher. In preparation, the State conducted intensive training sessions for principals and designated master teachers who would conduct the evaluations based on four class observations per teacher. Officials used standardized achievement tests to derive value-added scores that measure student learning over the year. Teacher ratings were 1-5, with I am being the lowest and 5 representing near perfection. The publication of the first year's evaluations stirred interest and controversy, particularly among teachers who worried about the possible long-term effects on job retention and tenure. Now, with the first-year evaluations in hand, the three cousins pored over their experiences. The three represented different types of school systems within the state. Jeri Lynn worked for a metropolitan system in the state capital. The system included many low-income students whose first language was nor English, and several schools within the system were teetering on the brink of State takeover if improvement in student scores didn't materialize this school year. Tish worked in a county System dominated by upper-income residents, and Joey taught in the rural community in which all three grew up. The rural community had high unemployment, and a low percentage of graduates went on to college. As a result, the cousins came to the table with differing teaching experiences. "The numbers are all over the place," Jeri Lynn remarked as she studied the pages. "The whole system is flawed, and they need to make changes," Joey said. " It's too subjective. The principal and master teacher observations are subjective because there are personal factors that affect a true outcome." "Yeah, look at the numbers from your upper-income district," Jeri Lynn said to Tish. " How can 60 percent of the teachers score 5s?" Tish chuckled. "Yeah, lucky us. Our schools are overflowing with children from wealthy families. These are the kids who will apply to Ivy League schools. I can tell you that the principals are going to avoid confrontation on all fronts. No principal is going to give any indication that their students are receiving an education that's less than perfect, and that means cramming the rankings with 5s. They claim a higher level of motivation for students, and thus the selection of an elite team of educators. So with those pressures, I don't think we get personal feedback that IS accurate." "At the other end of the spectrum, we have my rural district," Joey said. "The big problem is that the principals know everyone and have longstanding relationships with everyone in the county, so I think scores are based on personal history. We could almost predict who would get high or low scores before the observations. For principals, it can go back as far as 'his daddy and my daddy hated each other in high school, and now I get to evaluate his daughter." "I think that in many cases, principals feel pressure to align scores with state expectations. The stare expected my district to have high scores and expected rural schools such as yours to be lower," Tish said. "But isn't that partially offset by lower goals for the rural school distracts responded Joey. "The key to the accountability system is the principal in each school," Jeri Lynn suggested. "With several of the schools in Metro teetering on the edge of state takeover by the end of the year, we had lots of strict principals who wanted to hold our feet to the fire with lower scores." "I thought the whole idea was to provide the teachers With feedback so that we would know the areas where we need improvement," Tish said. "The principals were supposed to conduct two observations in the fall and two more in the spring," Jeri Lynn said. think that's asking too much of them when they already have so much on their plates. I think a lot of them are skimping on their visits. know I only had one observation last semester, and I'm sure Mr. Talley just faked the second set of numbers. The master teachers make only two observations a year, which may be more objective but counts for less." "I'm wondering, too, how a principal measure performance in a course area outside his area of expertise, such as math," Joey said. "If the guy has a phobia about math, anything the teacher says or does is going to 100k brilliant—thus a 5." Tish and Jeri Lynn looked at each other and laughed. Maybe we picked the wrong subjects," Tish said. "My question is one of perception," Jeri Lynn said. "A large percentage of my students are ELL. That affects their scores. How do you measure a 3 in my situation against a 5 for Tish? At the end of the school year, little Carlos is thrilled that his reading in English has improved, but there's no Big Bang here. a slow steady improvement that may not actually show up in big strides for a couple of years." "So, the question is how do they create a system that is fair?" Tish asked. "And accurate," added Jeri Lynn. Is a 1-5 grading System by principals and master teachers a valuable part of a feedback control system for teachers? Why?Cousins Jeri Lynn DeBose, Tish Hoover, and Josephine (Joey) Parks looked forward to meeting up during the Christmas holidays to compare notes on the results of midyear teacher evaluations. All were public school teachers in districts scattered over the state. In the pressured search for new levels of teacher accountability demanded by legislators, the state department of education joined 16 other States in implementing a new teacher evaluation system. The goal is to hold teachers account-able for student learning progress in the classroom. Under the guidance of the National Council for Teacher Quality, criteria varies by State, but in most cases, 40 percent of each teacher's accountability score would be based on the principal's evaluation and ranking based on personal observation, 30 percent would be based on personal observation by a master teacher from outside the district, and the Other 30 percent would be based on student test score gains. The state department of education would set a performance goal each school district, and the principal would set a performance goal for each teacher. In preparation, the State conducted intensive training sessions for principals and designated master teachers who would conduct the evaluations based on four class observations per teacher. Officials used standardized achievement tests to derive value-added scores that measure student learning over the year. Teacher ratings were I —5, with I am being the lowest and 5 representing near perfection. The publication of the first year's evaluations stirred interest and controversy, particularly among teachers who worried about the possible long-term effects on job retention and tenure. Now, with the first-year evaluations in hand, the three cousins pored over their experiences. The three represented different types of school systems within the state. Jeri Lynn worked for a metropolitan system in the state capital. The system included many low-income students whose first language was nor English, and several schools within the system were teetering on the brink of State takeover if improvement in student scores didn't materialize this school year. Tish worked in a county System dominated by upper-income residents, and Joey taught in the rural community in which all three grew up. The rural community had high unemployment, and a low percentage of graduates went on to college. As a result, the cousins came to the table with differing teaching experiences. "The numbers are all over the place," Jeri Lynn remarked as she studied the pages. "The whole system is flawed, and they need to make changes," Joey said. " It's too subjective. The principal and master teacher observations are subjective because there are personal factors that affect a true outcome." "Yeah, look at the numbers from your upper-income district," Jeri Lynn said to Tish. "How can 60 percent of the teachers score 5s?" Tish chuckled. "Yeah, lucky us. Our schools are overflowing with children from wealthy families. These are the kids who will apply to Ivy League schools. I can tell you that the principals are going to avoid confrontation on all fronts. No principal is going to give any indication that their students are receiving an education that's less than perfect, and that means cramming the rankings with 5s. They claim a higher level of motivation for students, and thus the selection of an elite team of educators. So with those pressures, I don't think we get personal feedback that IS accurate." "At the other end of the spectrum, we have my rural district," Joey said. "The big problem is that the principals know everyone and have longstanding relationships with everyone in the county, so I think scores are based on personal history. We could almost predict who would get high or low scores before the observations. For principals, it can go back as far as his daddy and my daddy hated each other in high school, and now I get to evaluate his daughter "I think that in many cases, principals feel pressure to align scores with state expectations. The stare expected my district to have high scores and expected rural schools such as yours to be lower," Tish said. "But isn't that partially offset by lower goals for the rural school distracts responded Joey. "The key to the accountability system is the principal in each school," Jeri Lynn suggested. "With several of the schools in Metro teetering on the edge of state takeover by the end of the year, we had lots of strict principals who wanted to hold our feet to the fire with lower scores." "l thought the whole idea was to provide the teachers With feedback so that we would know the areas where we need improvement," Tish said. "The principals were supposed to conduct two observations in the fall and two more in the spring," Jeri Lynn said. think that's asking too much of them when they already have so much on their plates. I think a lot of them are skimping on their visits. know I only had one observation last semester, and I'm sure Mr. Talley just faked the second set of numbers. The master teachers make only two observations a year, which may be more objective but counts for less." "I'm wondering, too, how a principal measure performance in a course area outside his area of expertise, such as math," Joey said. "If the guy has a phobia about math, anything the teacher says or does is going to 100k brilliant—thus a 5." Tish and Jeri Lynn looked at each other and laughed. Maybe we picked the wrong subjects," Tish said. "My question is one of perception," Jeri Lynn said. "A large percentage of my students are ELL. That affects their scores. How do you measure a 3 in my situation against a 5 for Tish? At the end of the school year, little Carlos is thrilled that his reading in English has improved, but there's no Big Bang here. a slow steady improvement that may not actually show up in big strides for a couple of years: "So, the question is how do they create a system that is fair?" Tish asked. "And accurate," added Jeri Lynn. What do you see as the major strengths and flaws in the feedback control system used in the schools in this scenario? What changes do you recommend to overcome the flaws?
- Create a Group Control System Step 1 Form into groups of three to five students. Each group will assume that another student group has been given an assignment of writing a major paper that will involve research by individual group members that will be integrated into the final paper. Each group member has to do his or her part. Step 2 Your assignment is to develop a list of rules and identify some statistics by which to control the behavior of members in that group. Brainstorm and discuss potential rules to govern member behavior and consequences for breaking those rules. Step 3. first, select the five rules that you think are most important for governing group member behavior. Consider the following situations that rules might cover: arriving late for a meeting; missing a meeting; failing to complete a work assignment; disagreements about desired quality of work; how to resolve conflicts about paper content; differences in participation, such as one person doing all the talking and someone else talking hardly at all; how to handle meetings that Start late; the use of an agenda and handling deviations from the agenda; and any other situation that your group thinks a rule should cover that your group thinks a rule should cover.Create a Group Control System Step 1. From into groups of three to five students. Each group will assume that another student group has been given an assignment of writing a major paper that will involve research by individual group members that will be integrated into the final paper. Each group member has to do his or part. Step 2. Your assignment is develop a list of rules and identify some statistics by which to control the behavior of members in that group. Brainstorm and discuss potential to govern member behavior and consequences for breaking those rules. Step 3. First, select the five rules that you think are most important for governing group member behavior. Consider the following situations that rules might cover; arriving late for a meeting: missing a meeting: failing to complete a work assignment; disagreements about desired quality of work; how to resolve conflicts about paper content; differences in participation , such as one person doing all the talking and someone else talking hardly at all; how to handle meetings that start late; the use of an agenda and handling deviations from the agenda; and any other situation that your group a cover. Step 4. Now consider what statistics could be developed to measure the behavior and outcome of the group pertaining to those five rules. What kinds of things could be counted to understand how group is performing and whether members are the following rules? Step 5. Discuss the following questions. Why are rules important as a means of control? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having many rules (hierarchical control) versus few rules (decentralized control) for a student group? How can statistics help a group ensure? appropriate behavior and a high-quality product? Step 6. Be prepared to present your conclusions to the Class.29 - Which of the following is an example of performance criteria based on outputs? a) using initiative B) Sales quantity NS) Reliability D) decision making TO) Team work
- INSTRUCTION: Choose the correct answer and no need for an explanation. 1. In the course of employment, organizations also carry out employee training to improve employee productivity and generally grow the organization. Further evaluation is carried out at the end of each training to test the impact of the training on employee skills, and test for improvement. A. Time-series Design B. One-Shot Case Study Design C. One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design D. Static-Group Comparison Design 2. A teacher wants to determine whether reading to children an extra hour a day would increase their reading skill. A group of children are chosen. The teacher will read an extra hour a day to these children. It was found, at the end of the semester, these children’s reading skills are pretty good. A. One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design B. One-Shot Case Study Design C. Static-Group Comparison Design D. Time-series Design 3. A study take into the possible connection between lifelong exercise and…Management Decision Systems (MDS) is a consulting company that specializes in the development of decision support systems. MDS has a four-person team working on a current project with a small company to set up a system that scrapes data from a collection of websites and then automatically generates a report for management on a daily basis. Time (Weeks) Activity Description ImmediatePredecessor Optimistic Most Probable Pessimistic A Report generation 2 9 13 B Web scraping 6 10 12 C Testing A, B 1 1 1 (a) Construct the project network. (Submit a file with a maximum size of 1 MB.) This answer has not been graded yet. (b) Based solely on the critical path, estimate the probability that the project will be complete within 12 weeks. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (c) Using all paths through the project network, estimate the probability that the project will be complete within 12 weeks. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (d)…Write a 1000 words report on a case study. You have recently started a new job as a junior operations manager at Pet Kingdom, a petsupplies retailer. You are writing these reports to your line manager, Ms Lionheart, so theappearance and language of your reports need to be professional. CASE STUDY - Forecasting Your line manager, Ms Lionheart, has collected and scrutinised performance data for thecompany. She was concerned that the inventories were high for certain products which hadresulted in significant price reductions and losses for the company. At the same time, thecompany had run out of stock for other items early in the season resulting in unsatisfiedcustomers and lost sales. Ms Lionheart has concluded that the problem was not with thespecific products carried in the stock, but with the quantities ordered by the procurementdepartment for two popular products; Dog Ball Launcher and Lightweight Dog Lead.Dog Ball Launcher is a product carried by the company for the past four…