1. What is the purpose of the different reagents used in the procedure of kato-katz technique? 2. How are the Kato Katz Technique results reported? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Kato-Katz Technique?
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- 1. Differentiate Precipitation from Agglutination reactions based on: a. Time duration of the procedure. b. Reactants involved. 2. Differentiate the following agglutination reactions based on the nature of a.) reagents used , and b.) unknown: a. Direct agglutination b. Passive agglutination c. Reverse passive agglutination d. Coagglutination1. What is the most common sterilization technique used in laboratories? 2. List at least 5 procedures of the aseptic technique and describe its uses. 3. Why is Gram stain one of the most important and widely used stains in bacteriology? 4. Explain the Gram staining technique in chronological order. Indicate the reagent used and the time of usage on each reagent.1. Give the importance of carbohydrate fermentation test in biochemical testing and enumerate the enzymes that are involved. (5 points) 2. What are the substances added in the culture media utilized by the organism producing hydrogen sulfide? Give 2 other media used for the production of hydrogen sulfide. (5 points) 3. Explain the mechanism taking place in the hydrolysis of urea which leads to the formation of bluish red color. ( 5 points) 4. Discuss why human blood plasma will not always yield reliable results. (5 points)
- 1. List the different reagent strip tests with their principle 2. Enumerate 5 clinical significance for each reagent strip tests1.What are the limitations of using an agar disk diffusion assay to assess the effectiveness of an antiseptic, disinfectant, or, in this case, a biological control agent on the growth of bacteria of interest? 2.LAB produce organic acids that have shown to be effective against controlling the growth of foodborne pathogens. What specific organic acid is produced by LAB during fermentation? 3.What is the logical next step to validate the efficacy of the biological control agent?1. Illustrate in a diagram the identification scheme from gram-positive cocci.2. Discuss the principle involved in the biochemical tests in identifying species of staphylococci.3. Illustrate in a diagram the identification scheme for Streptococci.4. Discuss the principle involved in the biochemical tests in identifying species of Streptococci.
- 1. What is the essence of the II stage of isolation of a pure culture of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms? How is the purity of the selected culture evaluated? What are the characteristics of the growth of microorganisms on liquid nutrient media?1. What results are expected if you drop H2O2 into a cut on your arm? Explain why those results are expected. 2. To do this test, why do you have to grow the organism in medium containing tryptophan? 3. Why is a red color after the addition of zinc a negative result for nitrate reductase?1. Explain why the following steps are essential during sub-culturing: a. Flaming the inoculating instrument prior to and after each inoculation b. Holding the test tube caps in the hand as illustrated in Figure 1. c. Cooling the inoculating instrument prior to obtaining the inoculum d. Flaming the neck of the tubes immediately after uncapping and before recapping 2. Describe the purposes of the sub-culture procedure. 3. Explain why a straight inoculating needle is used to inoculate an agar deep tube. 4. What is the indication of bacterial growth in each of the media? (nutrient broth, nutrient agar slant, nutrient agar deep? 5. Enumerate the Good Microbiological Practices encountered in the activity. 6. Upon observation of the nutrient agar slant culture, you strongly suspect that the culture is contaminated. Outline the method you would follow to ascertain whether your suspicion is justified.
- 4.outline the processes used in the preparation of agarose gel of 1.5 concentration 5.outline the procedures /steps in gel electrophoresis 6.how do we prepare x1(concentration) TAE buffer from 50x TAE buffer1.What difficulties does one encounter when trying to differentiate bacteria on the basis of physiological tests? 2.Why is the catalase test useful for the differentiation of staphylococci from streptococci?1. how does colony appearance and location with respect to the agar differ on the spread and pour plate? 2. list two additional factors that contribute to error in the spread plate method: