1.3 Considering the atomic structure of DNA shown below, what are the features of the molecule that will be seen most clearly in an x-ray scattering experiment? Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen Carbon Phosphorus Pyrimidines Purines Minor groove Major groove
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1.3
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- The length of a DNA molecule is 680 nm when the DNA molecule is in B-conformation. How many helical turns does the DNA molecule have if the DNA molecule is in A-conformation?Why is the separation possible given that all the DNAs (of close circular DNA, open circular DNA and super coiled DNA ) have the same molecular weight?A strand of nucleic acid is defined by its sequence of nucleotides: A, C, T, and G. How many different sequences are possible for a nucleic acid that is 200 nucleotides long? How does that number compare to the estimated number of atoms in the universe, which is approximately 1080?
- A primitive eukaryote was discovered that displayed a unique nucleic acid as its genetic material. Analysis provided the following information: (a) The general X-ray diffraction pattern is similar to that of DNA, but with somewhat different dimensions and more irregularity. (b) A major hyperchromic shift is evident upon heating and monitoring UV absorption at 260 nm. (c) Base-composition analysis reveals four bases in the following proportions: Adenine = 8% Guanine = 37% Xanthine = 37% Hypoxanthine = 18% (d) About 75 percent of the sugars are deoxyribose, while 25 percent are ribose. Postulate a model for the structure of this molecule that is consistent with the foregoing observations.1.Calculate the average number of nucleotide pair per micrometer of DNA double helix using the dimensions proposed by Watson and Crick. 2. Considering the number of base pairs, compute for the actual length of the given DNA strand in micrometer. (1m = 10,000Ao) 3' C G A C T A C 5' 5' G C T G A T G 3'2.1 Given the following eukaryotic DNA strand, transcribe and translate the DNA into apolypeptide using the 3’ – 5’ strand as the template. You may use drawings, diagrams,colours and annotations to describe how the DNA strand will be synthesized into afunctional protein. 5’ - TATAAAAASSMSBMDATGSBDCCMBDBAATBSMDSTGTGTCCTMSBAG – 3’ (KEY: The letters SBMD are “made up” nucleic acids that depict non-coding regions in theDNA, hypothetically S pairs with B and M pairs with D).
- At 260 nm what component of DNA absorbs at this nm(hydrogen bond, phosphate backbone, nitrogenous base, deoxyribose).A beginning genetics student is attempting to complete an assignment to draw a base pair from a DNA molecule. The drawing is incomplete, and the student does not know how to finish. He asks for your advice. The assignment sheet shows that the drawing is to contain three hydrogen bonds, a purine, and a pyrimidine. From your knowledge of the pairing rules and the number of hydrogen bonds in A/T and G/C base pairs, what base pair do you help the student draw?Z-DNA derives its name from the zig-zag conformation ofphosphate groups. What features of the DNA molecule allowthis distinctive structure to form?
- 5' UGUCAUGCUCGUCUUGAAUCUUGU GAUCCUCGUUGGAUUAAUUGU— 3' Translate the sequence of bases in the previous question, starting at the second base.A duplex DNA molecule contains a random sequence of the four nucleotides with equal proportions of each. What is the average spacing between consecutive occurrences of the sequence 5'-ATGC-3'? Between consecutive occurrences of the sequence 5'-TACGGC-3'?What is the axial ratio (length:diameter) of a DNA molecule 20 μm long?