10. The patients with a genetically determined medium-chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency suffer from episodes of profound fatigueassociated with vomiting, which is happening if they fasted for more than8 hours. They have hypoglycemia, clevated level of free fatty acids in theblood but ketone bodies were below normal. Explain the development of thesesymptoms. For that answer the question and do the following tasks:a) why hypoglycemia occurs in the patients fasting for more than 8 hours?b) why the level of free fatty acids is elevated in blood? Write the schemeexplaining this symptom;c) draw the scheme of fatty acid metabolism, which is blocked in case of thisgenetic disorder.

MCAD (medium chain acyl- CoA dehydrogenase) deficiency is an inherited disorder that prevents our…

Answered: 10. The patients with a genetically…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter19: The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TAHL

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1. Describe the clinical significance associated with abnormal levels of cholesterol 2. How does liver disease affect the cholesterol levels in the blood 3. Describe completely the lipoprotein metabolism.
2.A person did not get food for 3 days and had lost his weight, ketone bodies were revealed in urine. To explain this: a)describe the main metabolic pathways providing energy for the liver cells during starvation and explain its regulation; b) discuss the hormonal changes; c)predict the deleterious effect of prolonged starvation.
Discuss the 3 mechanisms of abnormal carbohydrates metabolism that result in the development of ketone bodies in the urine and give examples of the condition to each.
1. Describe the digestion of dietary proteins. 2. What are the different pathways of glucose metabolism? 3. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver.
1) Discuss the differences between an essential and a nonessential nutrient in terms of dietary consumption. Can the body survive without the provision of essential and nonessential nutrients? If an individual utilizes basic diet-planning principles, can he or she be sure that he or she will be able to obtain all the necessary essential nutrients? Why or why not?
13, Administration of drugs that selectively block the action of H+/K+ pumps in gastric cells would result in Multiple Choice inhibition of H+ moving into the parietal cell and bicarbonate being reabsorbed into the bloodstream inhibition of carbonic anhydrase and reduction of bicarbonate production a decrease in H+ secretion and an increase in gastric pH an increase in H+ secretion and a decrease in gastric pH
1.. Discuss how the inability to synthesize insulin and glucagon would impact lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism.
i. Produce a diagram to illustrate how the amino group of amino acids found in the body areexcreted.ii. Discuss the diagnostic significance of an elevated/decreased BUN level.iii. Explain how plasma levels of liver transaminases can be useful for evaluating and diagnosingdisease. Include the terms: De Ritis ratio, cholestasis, extrahepatic injury, AST, ALT in youranswer.
1) The major function of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is to, choose all correct answers. (A) bind high density lipoprotein (HDL). (B) transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues. (C) serve as a precursor for cholesterol biosynthesis. (D) transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver. (E) serve as a site for the esterification of cholesterol. 2). Individual with the genetic disease of Familial hypercholesterolemia have higher levels of cholesterol in the blood, which of the following could cause this disease: (A) deregulated biosynthesis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors (B) high dietary cholesterol (C) plaque formation in the arteries. (D) high cholesterol biosynthesis in liver tissue. (E) deregulated biosynthesis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 3) The enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase utilizes ____ as its substrate. A). ATP B). ADP C). AMP D). PPi E). phosphate
When the production of acetyl-CoA exceeds the body’scapacity to oxidize it, acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, andacetone accumulate. When generated in large amounts, thesesubstances can exceed the blood’s buffering capacity. As theblood pH falls, the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen isaffected. Subsequently, the brain can be starved for oxygen,and a fatal coma can result. Explain how severe dieting canproduce this condition.
1. Comparative characteristics of glycogen metabolism in muscles and liver.
Interestingly, we can measure metabolism through respiration, with what’s called the respiratory quotient. What is it? What does a decrease in the non-protein respiratory quotient (npQR ) tell us about the severity of liver disease? Is the liver in this case relying more on Glycogen or Fat?

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