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100 100 5) Use the following phylogeny to answer the questions below. The numbers on the branches are bootstrap values (above) and posterior probabilities (below). The black bear, panda, seal, and walrus are the outgroup. (9) 9-10 Myr 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 6-7.4 78 Myr 100 100 3-4 Myr 93 100 100 99 100 96 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100p 100 100 100 Arctic fox Kit fox Corsac fox Ruppell's fox Red fox Cape fox Blanford's fox Fennec fox Raccoon dog Bat-eared fox Short-eared dog Crab-eating fox Sechuran fox Culpeo fox Pampas fox Chilla Darwin's fox Hoary fox Maned wolf Bush dog Side-striped jackal Black-backed jackal Golden jackal Dog Grey wolf Coyote Ethiopian wolf Dhole African wild dog Grey fox Island fox Black bear Giant panda Northern elephant seal Walrus a) Based on this phylogeny, how many clades within the ingroup does the Pampas fox belong to? (recall, clades are nested) b) Based on bootstrap support, which clade do you have the most confidence in, the green, blue, or red clade (colored branches)? c) Which species is the closest living relative of the clade that includes the Golden Jackal and the Grey Wolf? d) If you taxonomically grouped all the species with 'fox' in their name, what kind of group would this be (mono-, para-, or polyphyletic)? e) Which one phylogenetic inference method must the authors have used in this study? (they used at least two)

100 100 5) Use the following phylogeny to answer the questions below. The numbers on the branches are bootstrap values (above) and posterior probabilities (below). The black bear, panda, seal, and walrus are the outgroup. (9) 9-10 Myr 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 6-7.4 78 Myr 100 100 3-4 Myr 93 100 100 99 100 96 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100p 100 100 100 Arctic fox Kit fox Corsac fox Ruppell's fox Red fox Cape fox Blanford's fox Fennec fox Raccoon dog Bat-eared fox Short-eared dog Crab-eating fox Sechuran fox Culpeo fox Pampas fox Chilla Darwin's fox Hoary fox Maned wolf Bush dog Side-striped jackal Black-backed jackal Golden jackal Dog Grey wolf Coyote Ethiopian wolf Dhole African wild dog Grey fox Island fox Black bear Giant panda Northern elephant seal Walrus a) Based on this phylogeny, how many clades within the ingroup does the Pampas fox belong to? (recall, clades are nested) b) Based on bootstrap support, which clade do you have the most confidence in, the green, blue, or red clade (colored branches)? c) Which species is the closest living relative of the clade that includes the Golden Jackal and the Grey Wolf? d) If you taxonomically grouped all the species with 'fox' in their name, what kind of group would this be (mono-, para-, or polyphyletic)? e) Which one phylogenetic inference method must the authors have used in this study? (they used at least two)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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100 100 80 9-10 Myr - (9) 5) Use the following phylogeny to answer the questions below. The numbers on the branches are bootstrap values (above) and posterior probabilities (below). The black bear, panda, seal, and walrus are the outgroup. 75 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 6-7.4 78 Myr 100 100 100 81 100 3-4 Myr 67 99 100 100 93 100 96 100 99 100 92-(2) 100 100 100 96 100 99 100 100 100 100 52 98 99 81 1001 99 99 100 100 93 78 1001 100 100 100 100 100 Arctic fox Kit fox Corsac fox Ruppell's fox Red fox Cape fox Blanford's fox Fennec fox Raccoon dog Bat-eared fox Short-eared dog Crab-eating fox Sechuran fox Culpeo fox Pampas fox Chilla Darwin's fox Hoary fox Maned wolf Bush dog Side-striped jackal Black-backed jackal Golden jackal Dog Grey wolf Coyote Ethiopian wolf Dhole African wild dog Grey fox Island fox Black bear Giant panda Northern elephant seal Walrus a) Based on this phylogeny, how many clades within the ingroup does the Pampas fox belong to? (recall, clades are nested) b) Based on bootstrap support, which clade do you have the most confidence in, the green, blue, or red clade (colored branches)? c) Which species is the closest living relative of the clade that includes the Golden Jackal and the Grey Wolf? d) If you taxonomically grouped all the species with 'fox' in their name, what kind of group would this be (mono-, para-, or polyphyletic)? e) Which one phylogenetic inference method must the authors have used in this study? (they used at least two)
Transcribed Image Text:100 100 80 9-10 Myr - (9) 5) Use the following phylogeny to answer the questions below. The numbers on the branches are bootstrap values (above) and posterior probabilities (below). The black bear, panda, seal, and walrus are the outgroup. 75 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 6-7.4 78 Myr 100 100 100 81 100 3-4 Myr 67 99 100 100 93 100 96 100 99 100 92-(2) 100 100 100 96 100 99 100 100 100 100 52 98 99 81 1001 99 99 100 100 93 78 1001 100 100 100 100 100 Arctic fox Kit fox Corsac fox Ruppell's fox Red fox Cape fox Blanford's fox Fennec fox Raccoon dog Bat-eared fox Short-eared dog Crab-eating fox Sechuran fox Culpeo fox Pampas fox Chilla Darwin's fox Hoary fox Maned wolf Bush dog Side-striped jackal Black-backed jackal Golden jackal Dog Grey wolf Coyote Ethiopian wolf Dhole African wild dog Grey fox Island fox Black bear Giant panda Northern elephant seal Walrus a) Based on this phylogeny, how many clades within the ingroup does the Pampas fox belong to? (recall, clades are nested) b) Based on bootstrap support, which clade do you have the most confidence in, the green, blue, or red clade (colored branches)? c) Which species is the closest living relative of the clade that includes the Golden Jackal and the Grey Wolf? d) If you taxonomically grouped all the species with 'fox' in their name, what kind of group would this be (mono-, para-, or polyphyletic)? e) Which one phylogenetic inference method must the authors have used in this study? (they used at least two)
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