1,300 1,050 Actual overhead cost incurred $
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Platinum Web Services designs and maintains websites for small business entrepreneurs. Competition has been intensifying in recent years and the company has been losing business to larger web design firms. Summary data concerning the last two years of operations follow:
| Last Year | This Year | |||
| Estimated hours of service demanded | 1,400 | 1,150 | ||
| Estimated |
$ | 110,000 | $ | 110,000 |
| Actual hours of service provided | 1,300 | 1,050 | ||
| Actual overhead cost incurred | $ | 110,000 | $ | 110,000 |
| Hours of service available at capacity | 2,200 | 2,200 | ||
The company applies its overhead costs to jobs using the hours of service provided as the allocation base. For example, this year and last year, 37 service-hours were required to maintain the website for a small company called Verde Consulting. All of Platinum's overhead costs are fixed, and the actual overhead cost incurred was exactly as estimated at the beginning of the year in last year and this year.
Required:
1. Platinum Web Services computes its predetermined overhead rate at the beginning of each year based on the estimated overhead cost and the estimated hours of service demanded for the year. Using this approach, how much overhead would have been applied to the Verde Consulting job last year? How about this year?
2. The president of Platinum Web Services has heard that some companies in the industry have changed to a system of computing the predetermined overhead rate based on the hours of service available at capacity. He would like to know what effect this method would have on
3. If Platinum computes its predetermined overhead rate based on the hours of service available at capacity as in (2) above, how much unused capacity cost would the company have incurred last year? This year?
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- Shannon, Inc., has two divisions. One produces and sells paper party supplies (napkins, paper plates, invitations); the other produces and sells cookware. A segmented income statement for the most recent quarter is given below: On seeing the quarterly statement, Madge Shannon, president of Shannon, Inc., was distressed and discussed her disappointment with Bob Ferguson, the companys vice president of finance. MADGE: The Party Supplies Division is killing us. Its not even covering its own fixed costs. Im beginning to believe that we should shut down that division. This is the seventh consecutive quarter it has failed to provide a positive segment margin. I was certain that Paula Kelly could turn it around. But this is her third quarter, and she hasnt done much better than the previous divisional manager. BOB: Well, before you get too excited about the situation, perhaps you should evaluate Paulas most recent proposals. She wants to spend 10,000 per quarter for the right to use familiar cartoon figures on a new series of invitations, plates, and napkins and at the same time increase the advertising budget by 25,000 per quarter to let the public know about them. According to her marketing people, sales should increase by 10 percent if the right advertising is doneand done quickly. In addition, Paula wants to lease some new production machinery that will increase the rate of production, lower labor costs, and result in less waste of materials. Paula claims that variable costs will be reduced by 30 percent. The cost of the lease is 95,000 per quarter. Upon hearing this news, Madge calmed considerably and, in fact, was somewhat pleased. After all, she was the one who had selected Paula and had a great deal of confidence in Paulas judgment and abilities. Required: 1. Assuming that Paulas proposals are sound, should Madge Shannon be pleased with the prospects for the Party Supplies Division? Prepare a segmented income statement for the next quarter that reflects the implementation of Paulas proposals. Assume that the Cookware Divisions sales increase by 5 percent for the next quarter and that the same cost relationships hold. 2. Suppose that everything materializes as Paula projected except for the 10 percent increase in salesno change in sales revenues takes place. Are the proposals still sound? What if the variable costs are reduced by 40 percent instead of 30 percent with no change in sales?Cost Classification, Income Statement Gateway Construction Company, run by Jack Gateway, employs 25 to 30 people as subcontractors for laying gas, water, and sewage pipelines. Most of Gateways work comes from contracts with city and state agencies in Nebraska. The companys sales volume averages 3 million, and profits vary between 0 and 10% of sales. Sales and profits have been somewhat below average for the past 3 years due to a recession and intense competition. Because of this competition, Jack constantly reviews the prices that other companies bid for jobs. When a bid is lost, he analyzes the reasons for the differences between his bid and that of his competitors and uses this information to increase the competitiveness of future bids. Jack believes that Gateways current accounting system is deficient. Currently, all expenses are simply deducted from revenues to arrive at operating income. No effort is made to distinguish among the costs of laying pipe, obtaining contracts, and administering the company. Yet all bids are based on the costs of laying pipe. With these thoughts in mind, Jack looked more carefully at the income statement for the previous year (see below). First, he noted that jobs were priced on the basis of equipment hours, with an average price of 165 per equipment hour. However, when it came to classifying and assigning costs, he needed some help. One thing that really puzzled him was how to classify his own 114,000 salary. About half of his time was spent in bidding and securing contracts, and the other half was spent in general administrative matters. Required: 1. Classify the costs in the income statement as (1) costs of laying pipe (production costs), (2) costs of securing contracts (selling costs), or (3) costs of general administration. For production costs, identify direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs. The company never has significant work in process (most jobs are started and completed within a day). 2. Assume that a significant driver is equipment hours. Identify the expenses that would likely be traced to jobs using this driver. Explain why you feel these costs are traceable using equipment hours. What is the cost per equipment hour for these traceable costs?Gaston Company manufactures furniture. One of its product lines is an economy-line kitchen table. During the last year, Gaston produced and sold 100,000 units for 100 per unit. Sales of the table are on a bid basis, but Gaston has always been able to win sufficient bids using the 100 price. This year, however, Gaston was losing more than its share of bids. Concerned, Larry Franklin, owner and president of the company, called a meeting of his executive committee (Megan Johnson, marketing manager; Fred Davis, quality manager; Kevin Jones, production manager; and Helen Jackson, controller). LARRY: I dont understand why were losing bids. Megan, do you have an explanation? MEGAN: Yes, as a matter of fact. Two competitors have lowered their price to 92 per unit. Thats too big a difference for most of our buyers to ignore. If we want to keep selling our 100,000 units per year, we will need to lower our price to 92. Otherwise, our sales will drop to about 20,000 to 25,000 per year. HELEN: The unit contribution margin on the table is 10. Lowering the price to 92 will cost us 8 per unit. Based on a sales volume of 100,000, wed make 200,000 in contribution margin. If we keep the price at 100, our contribution margin would be 200,000 to 250,000. If we have to lose, lets just take the lower market share. Its better than lowering our prices. MEGAN: Perhaps. But the same thing could happen to some of our other product lines. My sources tell me that these two companies are on the tail end of a major quality improvement programone that allows them significant savings. We need to rethink our whole competitive strategyat least if we want to stay in business. Ideally, we should match the price reduction and work to reduce the costs to recapture the lost contribution margin. FRED: I think I have something to offer. We are about to embark on a new quality improvement program of our own. I have brought the following estimates of the current quality costs for this economy line. As you can see, these costs run about 16 percent of current sales. Thats excessive, and we believe that they can be reduced to about 4 percent of sales over time. LARRY: This sounds good. Fred, how long will it take for you to achieve this reduction? FRED: All these costs vary with sales level, so Ill express their reduction rate in those terms. Our best guess is that we can reduce these costs by about 1 percent of sales per quarter. So it should take about 12 quarters, or three years, to achieve the full benefit. Keep in mind that this is with an improvement in quality. MEGAN: This offers us some hope. If we meet the price immediately, we can maintain our market share. Furthermore, if we can ever reach the point of reducing the price below the 92 level, then we can increase our market share. I estimate that we can increase sales by about 10,000 units for every 1 of price reduction beyond the 92 level. Kevin, how much extra capacity for this line do we have? KEVIN: We can handle an extra 30,000 or 40,000 tables per year. Required: 1. Assume that Gaston immediately reduces the bid price to 92. How long will it be before the unit contribution margin is restored to 10, assuming that quality costs are reduced as expected and that sales are maintained at 100,000 units per year (25,000 per quarter)? 2. Assume that Gaston holds the price at 92 until the 4 percent target is achieved. At this new level of quality costs, should the price be reduced? If so, by how much should the price be reduced, and what is the increase in contribution margin? Assume that price can be reduced only in 1 increments. 3. Assume that Gaston immediately reduces the price to 92 and begins the quality improvement program. Now, suppose that Gaston does not wait until the end of the three-year period before reducing prices. Instead, prices will be reduced when profitable to do so. Assume that prices can be reduced only by 1 increments. Identify when the first future price change should occur (if any). 4. Discuss the differences in viewpoints concerning the decision to decrease prices and the short-run contribution margin analysis done by Helen, the controller. Did quality cost information play an important role in the strategic decision making illustrated by the problem?
- Jarriot, Inc., presented two years of data for its Furniture Division and its Houseware Division. Required: 1. Compute the ROI and the margin and turnover ratios for each year for the Furniture Division. (Round your answers to four significant digits.) 2. Compute the ROI and the margin and turnover ratios for each year for the Houseware Division. (Round your answers to four significant digits.) 3. Explain the change in ROI from Year 1 to Year 2 for each division.B-You is a consulting firm that works with managers to improve their interpersonal skills. Recently, a representative of a high-tech research firm approached B-You's owner with an offer to contract for one year with B-You to improve the interpersonal skills of a newly hired manager. B-You reported the following costs and revenues during the past year. B-YOU Annual Income Statement Sales revenue $ 234,300 Costs Labor 111,000 Equipment lease 16,000 Rent 13,500 Supplies 10,300 Officers' salaries 70,000 Other costs 7,000 Total costs $ 227,800 Operating profit (loss) $ 6,500 If B-You decides to take the contract to help the manager, it will hire a full-time consultant at $84,000. Equipment lease will increase by 5 percent. Supplies will increase by an estimated 10 percent and other costs by 15 percent. The existing building has space for the new consultant. No new offices will be necessary for this work. Problem 1-44 (Algo) Part a…Tami Tyler opened Tami’s Creations, Incorporated, a small manufacturing company, at the beginning of the year. Getting the company through its first quarter of operations placed a considerable strain on Ms. Tyler’s personal finances. The following income statement for the first quarter was prepared by a friend who has just completed a course in managerial accounting at State University. Tami’s Creations, IncorporatedIncome StatementFor the Quarter Ended March 31 Sales (29,000 units) $ 1,160,000 Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold $ 461,100 Variable selling and administrative 185,600 646,700 Contribution margin 513,300 Fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead 256,000 Fixed selling and administrative 269,300 525,300 Net operating loss $ (12,000) Ms. Tyler is discouraged over the loss shown for the quarter, particularly because she had planned to use the statement as support for a bank loan. Another friend, a CPA, insists that…
- Tami Tyler opened Tami’s Creations, Inc., a small manufacturing company, at the beginning of the year. Getting the company through its first quarter of operations placed a considerable strain on Ms. Tyler’s personal finances. The following income statement for the first quarter was prepared by a friend who has just completed a course in managerial accounting at State University. Tami’s Creations, Inc. Income Statement For the Quarter Ended March 31 Sales (28,000 units) $ 1,120,000 Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold $ 428,400 Variable selling and administrative 187,600 616,000 Contribution margin 504,000 Fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead 279,000 Fixed selling and administrative 238,500 517,500 Net operating loss $ ( 13,500) Ms. Tyler is discouraged over the loss shown for the quarter, particularly because she had planned to use the statement as…Sophia & More Company sells clothing, shoes and accessories at a city location near you. Information for the just concluded calendar year follows Clothing Shoes Accessories Sales $850,000 $320,000 $150,000 Less: Variables $510,000 $270,000 $ 82,500 Fixed costs $290,000 $ 70,000 $ 42,000 Total Costs $800,000 $340,000 $124,500 Operating income $ 50,000 $ (20,000) $ 25,500 Management is considering closing the Shoe segment because of the operating loss and is thinking about expanding the space that is currently devoted to the Accessories segment. A salaried salesperson in the Shoe segment who earns $45,000 will be terminated; however, all other segmental fixed costs will continue to be incurred. Sophia & More will…Tami Tyler opened Tami’s Creations, Inc., a small manufacturing company, at the beginning of the year. Getting the company through its first quarter of operations placed a considerable strain on Ms. Tyler’s personal finances. The following income statement for the first quarter was prepared by a friend who has just completed a course in managerial accounting at State University. Tami’s Creations, Inc. Income Statement For the Quarter Ended March 31 Sales (28,400 units) $ 1,136,000 Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold $ 474,280 Variable selling and administrative 193,120 667,400 Contribution margin 468,600 Fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead 300,600 Fixed selling and administrative 190,500 491,100 Net operating loss $ ( 22,500) Ms. Tyler is discouraged over the loss shown for the quarter, particularly because she had planned to use the statement as…
- Tami Tyler opened Tami’s Creations, Inc., a small manufacturing company, at the beginning of the year. Getting the company through its first quarter of operations placed a considerable strain on Ms. Tyler’s personal finances. The following income statement for the first quarter was prepared by a friend who has just completed a course in managerial accounting at State University. Tami’s Creations, Inc. Income Statement For the Quarter Ended March 31 Sales (28,400 units) $ 1,136,000 Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold $ 474,280 Variable selling and administrative 193,120 667,400 Contribution margin 468,600 Fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead 300,600 Fixed selling and administrative 190,500 491,100 Net operating loss $ ( 22,500) Ms. Tyler is discouraged over the loss shown for the quarter, particularly because she had planned to use the statement as…Tami Tyler opened Tami’s Creations, Inc., a small manufacturing company, at the beginning of the year. Getting the company through its first quarter of operations placed a considerable strain on Ms. Tyler’s personal finances. The following income statement for the first quarter was prepared by a friend who has just completed a course in managerial accounting at State University. Tami’s Creations, Inc. Income Statement For the Quarter Ended March 31 Sales (28,400 units) $ 1,136,000 Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold $ 474,280 Variable selling and administrative 193,120 667,400 Contribution margin 468,600 Fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead 300,600 Fixed selling and administrative 190,500 491,100 Net operating loss $ ( 22,500) Ms. Tyler is discouraged over the loss shown for the quarter, particularly because she had planned to use the statement as…Tami Tyler opened Tami’s Creations, Inc., a small manufacturing company, at the beginning of the year. Getting the company through its first quarter of operations placed a considerable strain on Ms. Tyler’s personal finances. The following income statement for the first quarter was prepared by a friend who has just completed a course in managerial accounting at State University. Tami’s Creations, Inc. Income Statement For the Quarter Ended March 31 Sales (28,400 units) $ 1,136,000 Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold $ 474,280 Variable selling and administrative 193,120 667,400 Contribution margin 468,600 Fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead 300,600 Fixed selling and administrative 190,500 491,100 Net operating loss $ ( 22,500) Ms. Tyler is discouraged over the loss shown for the quarter, particularly because she had planned to use the statement as…
