16Consider an ideal gas confined to a container at "constant volume". The heat capacity value is 2.54, and there are 100 molecules. The initial internal energy of this system was1000 J and another 500 J energy is added to this system, how much temperature change (in K) is observed in this system?Type your answer...

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Answered: 16 Consider an ideal gas confined to a…

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter15: Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10PE: A car tire contains 0.0380m3 S of air at a pressure of 2.20105N/m2 (about 32 psi). How much more...

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Substance A has twice the specific heat of substance B. Equal masses of the two substances, at different temperatures, are placed in thermal contact and allowed lo come to equilibrium. (a) What is the ratio QB/QA of the energy transferred to (or from) the samples? (Hint: Remember to include the correct signs.) (b) What is the ratio TB/TA of their temperature changes?
If you add boiling water to a cup at room temperature, what would you expect the final equilibrium temperature of the unit to be? You will need to include 1he surroundings as pan of the system. Consider the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
The Sun radiates energy at the rate of 3.801026W from its 5500C surface into dark empty space (a negligible fraction radiates onto Earth and the other planets). The effective temperature of deep space is 270C. (a) What is the increase in entropy in one day due to this heat transfer? (b) How much work is made unavailable?
The work done by an engine equals one-fourth the energy it absorbs from a reservoir. (a) What is its thermal efficiency? (b) What fraction of the energy absorbed is expelled to the cold reservoir?
Unreasonable Results (a) An automobile mechanic claims that an aluminum rod fits loosely into its hole on an aluminum engine block because the engine is hot and the rod is cold. If 1he hole is 10.0% bigger in diameter than the 22.0C rod, at what temperature will the rod be the same size as the hole? (b) What is unreasonable about this temperature? (2) Which premise is responsible?
A 3.00-g lead bullet at 30.0C is fired at a speed of 2.40 102 m/s into a large, fixed block of ice at 0C, in which it becomes embedded. (a) Describe the energy transformations that occur as the bullet is cooled. What is the final temperature of the bullet? (b) What quantity of ice melts?
Integrated Concepts One 30.0C day the relative humidity is 75.0%, and that evening the temperature drops to 20.0C, well below the dew point. (a) How many grams of water condense from each cubic meter of air? (b) How much heat transfer occurs by this condensation? (c) What temperature increase could this cause in dry air?
Air in human lungs has a temperature of 37.0C and a saturation vapor density of 44.0g/m3. (a) If 2.00 L of air is exhaled and very dry air inhaled, what is the maximum loss at water vapor by me person? (b) Calculate the partial pressure of water vapor having this density, and compare it with the vapor pressure of 6.31103N/m2.
(a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80107J of energy when burned. To illustrate this difficulty, calculate the number of liters of water that must be expended to absorb the energy released by burning 1.00 L of crude oil, it the water has its temperature raised from 20.0C to 100C, it boils, and the resulting steam is raised to 300C. (b) Discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water.
Assume you are measuring the specific heat of a sample of originally hot metal by using a calorimeter containing water. Because your calorimeter is not perfectly insulating, energy can transfer by heat between the contents of the calorimeter and the room. To obtain the most accurate result for the specific heat of the metal, you should use water with which initial temperature? (a) slightly lower than room temperature (b) the same as room temperature (c) slightly higher than room temperature (d) whatever you like because the initial temperature makes no difference
What does it mean to say that two systems are in thermal equilibrium?
Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and atmospheric pressure is drawn into a bicycle pump that has a cylinder with an inner diameter of 2.50 cm and length 50.0 cm. The downstroke adiabatically compresses the air, which readies a gauge pressure of 8.00 105 Pa before entering the tire. We wish to investigate the temperature increase of the pump. (a) What is the initial volume of the air in the pump? (b) What is the number of moles of air in the pump? (c) What is the absolute pressure of the compressed air? (d) What is the volume of the compressed air? (c) What is the temperature of the compressed air? (f) What is the increase in internal energy of the gas during the compression? What If? The pump is made of steel that is 2.00 mm thick. Assume 4.00 cm of the cylinders length is allowed to come to thermal equilibrium with the air. (g) What is the volume of steel in this 4.00-cm length? (h) What is the mass of steel in this 4.00-cm length? (i) Assume the pump is compressed once. After the adiabatic expansion, conduction results in the energy increase in part (f) being shared between the gas and the 4.00-cm length of steel. What will be the increase in temperature of the steel after one compression?

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