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- A number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go undetected by cytotoxic T cell degradation by what possible mechanism? a. the production of normal class I MHC molecule b. helper T cell activation c. the deactivation of the complement system d. tumor antigen expression e. the production of the class II major histocompatability (MHC) moleduleWhich of the following statements regarding T cells activated by specific antigen is incorrect? a. They receive co-stimulatory signals through CD28. b. They suppress expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP). c. They take several days before differentiating into effector T cells. d. They cease to secrete and respond to interleukin-2 (IL-2). e. They begin to express CTLA4, which serves to limit T-cell proliferation.1. Which of the following statements about CD4+ Th17 cells are true? i. Cannot form T effector memory (TEM) T cell populations ii. Require the master transcription factor RORgammaT for their development iii. Produce effector cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 which help recruit neutrophils and stimulate antimicrobial peptide production iv. Do not require the transcription factor NFAT for IL-2 production downstream of TCR activation v. Important for defense against intracellular bacterial infection only a. i and iii b. ii and v c. ii and iii d. ii, iii, iv e. i, ii, and iv
- Unlike cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cells do not _____. (Select all that apply.) a. secrete cytokines b. participate in the adaptive immune response c. rearrange T-cell receptor genes d. use MHC class I molecules for their development and function e. express CD3 components.277. Which of the following best describes the reason that the B cell receptor cannot transduce signals to the inside the cell once it binds antigen? A. The receptor requires twice the amount of antigen to be activated because it contains two sites. antigen binding b. lga is rapidly dephosphorylated c. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor consists of 3 amino acids. d. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are inflexible moleculesActivated helper T Cells participate in which of the following processes? a.) Differentiation of memory B cells b.) Activation of cytotoxic T Cells c.) Facilitation of macrophage phagocytosis d.) All of above
- A second exposure to a given foreign antigen elicits a rapid and pronounced immune response becausea. passive immunity occurs after the first exposure.b. some B cells differentiate into memory B cells after the first exposure.c. a greater number of antigen-presenting cells are available due to the earlier exposure.d. the array of class II MHC proteins expressed by antigen-presenting cells is permanently altered by the first exposure.e. Both a and b are correct.Homing of effector T cells to inflamed tissue is facilitated by the upregulation of _____ on the surface of the effector T cell. a. VLA-4 b. L-selectin c. CD28 d. VCAM-1 e. B7.Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.
- How is clonal selection related to the vast number of possible B and T-cell receptor binding conformations? Draw a picture to illustrate your explanation.When an immature dendritic cell becomes an activated dendritic cell, all of the following changes occur except _____. a. confinement to T-cell regions of lymph node cortex b. development of elaborate finger-like processes c. upregulated expression of MHC class II at the cell surface d. loss of antigen-processing functions e. expression of Toll-like receptor TLR9.All of the following are true in reference to T-cell priming except _____. a. it occurs in primary lymphoid organs b. it transforms naive T cells into differentiated effector T cells c. it is the first stage of a primary adaptive immune response d. it requires interaction between naive T cells and antigen-presenting cells e. it takes place in many locations including, but not limited to, lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, and the tonsils.