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- [A] Suppose that a drug company has developed an ointment that can be used to treat sores and reduce scarring. Surveys indicated that the ointment, which costs $10,000 for a full course of treatment, can improve the quality of life from 0.6 to 0.7 for patients with this problem. Assume that this population has a life expectancy of 70 years. No need to worry about discounting. 1. What is the Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio (ICUR) for taking the ointment over doing nothing for a typical 20-year-old patient? [Hint: This patient has only 50 years of life remaining.] 2. If the cost-effectiveness threshold is $5,000 per QALYS, will the 20-year-old patient choose to get the ointment? What about a 60-year-old patient? [B] Is it appropriate to evaluate a healthcare intervention using various methods of economic evaluation as discussed in this course, or should we choose one primary method that best fits the analysis?Answer all pls with explanation I will like your ans.6.Using Excel Spreadsheet and formulas for this problem (make sure cell references are unique to your table). Provide all techniques practiced previously: five (5) techniques for Decisions Making under Uncertainty, EMV, EOL, and EVPI. Use α = 0.7 for the Hurwicz. Use the .50 for the probability of a Good Economy and .50 for the probability of a Poor Economy. STATE OF NATURE DECISION ALTERNATIVE GOOD ECONOMY POOR ECONOMY Sotck market 80,000 -20,000 Bonds 30,000 20,000 CDs 23,000 23,000
- . If you examine the decision tree in Figure 9.12 (orany other decision trees from PrecisionTree), you willsee two numbers (in blue font) to the right of each endnode. The bottom number is the combined monetaryvalue from following the corresponding path throughthe tree. The top number is the probability that thispath will be followed, given that the best strategy isused. With this in mind, explain (1) how the positiveprobabilities following the end nodes are calculated,(2) why some of the probabilities following the endnodes are 0, and (3) why the sum of the probabilitiesfollowing the end nodes is necessarily 1.Lela must decide to go on a winter trip to norway with the hope of seeing northern light would yield a utility level of 2,000 but she has only a 50% chance that they will show during the days of her trip. making the trip without seeing the lights would yield a utility level of 100 and there is 50 % chance of this happening. what is lela's expected utilty if show goes on the trip? a. 2,100 b.1,050 c.42 d.950Only typed answer and please don't use chatgpt otherwise I downvote the answer Q = 12S1/2P-2. Q is number of newspapers sold and S is number of inches of news printed. The cost of reporting S units is $10S. The cost of printing one copy of the newspaper is $0.08, so the total cost of Q = $10S + .08Q. How many copies will be sold at the profit maximizing price when S = 100? Round (up) to the nearest newspaper.
- (8 points) A taxpayer (of a particular profile) can either comply with the IRS code, orcheat and receive some benefit. The IRS can either audit the taxpayer at a cost or donothing. If the taxpayer cheats and the IRS audits then the tax payer faces penalty (fineplus possibly jail time) and the IRS receives the fine. The payoff matrix:IRSAudit (q) Not Audit (1-q)Cheat (p) -50000, 4000 1000, 0Tax PayerComply (1-p) -500, -300 0, 0Assume the tax payer cheats with probability p and complies with probability 1 − p, andIRS audits with probability q and does not audit with probability 1 − q. Find the mixedstrategy Nash equilibrium. Express probabilities in percentage forms and keep two digitsafter the decimal point, for example p = 2.34%.Many decision problems have the following simplestructure. A decision maker has two possible decisions, 1 and 2. If decision 1 is made, a sure cost of c isincurred. If decision 2 is made, there are two possibleoutcomes, with costs c1 and c2 and probabilities p and1 2 p. We assume that c1 , c , c2. The idea is thatdecision 1, the riskless decision, has a moderate cost,whereas decision 2, the risky decision, has a low costc1 or a high cost c2.a. Calculate the expected cost from the riskydecision.b. List as many scenarios as you can think of thathave this structure. (Here’s an example to get youstarted. Think of insurance, where you pay a surepremium to avoid a large possible loss.) For eachof these scenarios, indicate whether you wouldbase your decision on EMV or on expected utilityTom wants to avoid any accidents on the work floor of his factory. If an accident does occur, itwould cost him $500,000 in damages. Installing safety equipment would decrease the probabilityof an accident occurring from 20% to 10%. However, the equipment costs $20,000 to install.10. What is his expected loss after installing the safety equipmenta. $20,000b. $50,000c. $100,000d. $125,000
- a) There are several environmental factors that can impact a government’s financial condition. Some factors are more difficult to measure or assign probabilities to. Which of the following environmental factors is the most difficult to measure or assign a probability to? Group of answer choices 1: Business activity. 2: Rate of inflation. 3: Revenue restrictions. 4: Political culture and climate.Required: Find EMV and recommend the course of action Find the EMV under certainty Use the EVC to find the EVPI Determine the opportunity loss table Find the course of action that minimises EOL S1 (0.3) S2(0.7) EMV A1 100 540 408 A2 150 (50) 10 A3 350 320 329Solve it correctly last time incorrct solution given Not use excel