2. Among the 50 Geography students, 44 students passed the course of Univariate Statistics in Geography. In other words, the pass rate for Geography students was 44/50=0.88. The overall course pass rate for all students who took GEO 211 was 0.91. (a) Do you think the pass rate of Geography students was lower than the overall value? Choose a = 0.05 (b) What is the p-value
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- Historically, the proportion of people who trade in their old car to a car dealer when purchasing a new car is 48%. Over the previous 6 months, in a sample of 115 new-car buyers, 46 have traded in their old car. The p-value for the test of whether the proportion of people who trade in their old cars to a car dealer has decreased is 0.0427. If we were to test this hypothesis at the 5% level of signficance, what can you conclude concerning the null hypothesis?In the initial test of the Salk vaccine for polio, 400,000 children were selected and divided into two groups of 200,000. One group was vaccinated with the Salk vaccine while the second group was vaccinated with a placebo. Of those vaccinated with the Salk vaccine, 33 later developed polio. Of those receiving the placebo, 115 later developed polio. Test the hypothesis that the Salk vaccine is effective in lowering the polio rate. Use a=0.01 Apply p-value and classical approach. Show step1-ste03.A cream with alpha-hydroxy acid, advertises that it can reduce wrinkles and improve the skin. In a study published in Archives of Dermatology (June 1996), 49 middle-aged women used a cream with alpha-hydroxy acid for 22 weeks. At the end of the study period, a dermatologist judged whether each woman exhibited any improvement in the condition of her skin. The results for the 49 women (where I = improved skin and N = no improvement) were: 32 I’s and 17 N’s. (a) Find a 95% confidence interval for p, the true population proportion of middle-aged women with improved skin after using this cream. Interpret the interval. (b) What assumptions are required for the confidence interval of part (a) to be statistically valid? (c) Are the assumptions for part (b) reasonably satisfied? Explain.
- A geneticist conducted a hybridization experiment with peas, which resulted in offspring consisting of 410 peas with green pods and 150 peas with yellow pods. According to Mendel’s theory, 1/4 of the offspring peas should have yellow pods. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the proportion of peas with yellow pods is equal to 0.25. Provide answers below.To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and birth weight, a researcher selects a sample of n = 20 pregnant rats and mixes alcohol with their food for 2 weeks before the pups are born. One newborn pup is randomly selected from each subject’s litter and the average with weight for the n = 20 pups is recorded. It is known that the average birth weight for regular rats (without exposure to alcohol) is μ = 5.6 grams. What type of test would you use to test the hypothesis that alcohol consumption during pregnancy reduces birth weights? Would you use a one-tailed or two-tailed test? What would be an appropriate measure of effect size to report?In a survey of 1000 adult Americans, 45.4% indicated that they were somewhat interested or very interested in having web access in their cars. Suppose that the marketing manager of a car manufacturer claims that the 45.4% is based only on a sample and that 45.4% is close to half, so there is no reason to believe that the proportion of all adult Americans who want car web access is less than 0.50. Is the marketing manager correct in his claim? Provide statistical evidence to support your answer. For purposes of this exercise, assume that the sample can be considered as representative of adult Americans. Test the relevant hypotheses using ? = 0.05. Find the test statistic and P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z= P-value =
- A diabetic nurse seeks to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among women in a population (age 18 to 80 years). She conveniently sampled 100 women attending antenatal care and asked them whether they had hypertension. Of the 100 pregnant women sampled, 50 consented to take part in the study and 1 had diabetes. Based on this finding, the nurse concluded that “the prevalence of diabetes among women in the population is low (2%).” A) Do you agree with the conclusion made by the diabetic nurse? Justify in not more than 100 words? B) Would you have conducted such a study differently if you had all the resources at hand (Describe in not more than 75 words).Two researchers are testing the null hypothesis that a population proportion p is equal to 0.30, and the alternative hypothesis that π = 0.30. Both take samples of 100 observations. Researcher A finds a sample proportion of 0.29, and Researcher B finds a sample proportion of 0.34. For which researcher will the p-value of the test be smaller? Explain without actually doing any computations.Mario loves to listen to music and is convinced that listening to music while taking a test helps him get higher test averages. To prove this, Mario conducts a study amongst his classmates in his AMDM class. With the permission of his teacher, he randomly selects 15 out of 30 students in his class to listen to music during their next test. The remaining 15 students are not allowed to listen to music while they take their test. He intends to compare the test scores from each group, hoping to prove his hypothesis that listening to music while taking a test increases test scores. What is the variable of interest in this study? test grades the class Mario survey
- According to a certain government agency for a large country, the proportion of fatal traffic accidents in the country in which the driver had a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0.33.Suppose a random sample of 109 traffic fatalities in a certain region results in 47that involved a positive BAC. Does the sample evidence suggest that the region has a higher proportion of traffic fatalities involving a positive BAC than the country at the α=0.05 level of significance?A statistician wants to determine if there is a difference in the fuel efficiency of cars between model years. To do this, he selects random makes and models of cars and compares the fuel efficiency in miles per gallon of the current model year and the previous model year. Suppose that data were collected for a random sample of 9 cars, where each difference is calculated by subtracting the fuel efficiency in miles per gallon of the previous model year from the fuel efficiency in miles per gallon of the current model year. Assume that the fuel efficiencies are normally distributed. What type of test is this hypothesis test? A. This is a two-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis is Ha:μd≠0. B. This is a right-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis is Ha:μd>0. C. This is a right-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis is Ha:μd<0. D. This is a left-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis is Ha:μd<0. E. This is a left-tailed…12% of all Americans suffer from sleep apnea. A researcher suspects that a higher percentage of those who live in the inner city have sleep apnea. Of the 349 people from the inner city surveyed, 45 of them suffered from sleep apnea. What can be concluded at the level of significance of αα = 0.05? Thus, the final conclusion is that ... The data suggest the population proportion is not significantly larger than 12% at αα = 0.05, so there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the population proportion of inner city residents who have sleep apnea is larger than 12%. or The data suggest the population proportion is not significantly larger than 12% at αα = 0.05, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the population proportion of inner city residents who have sleep apnea is equal to 12%. or The data suggest the populaton proportion is significantly larger than 12% at αα = 0.05, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the population proportion of inner city…