In the initial test of the Salk vaccine for polio, 400,000 children were selected and divided into two groups of 200,000. One group was vaccinated with the Salk vaccine while the second group was vaccinated with a placebo. Of those vaccinated with the Salk vaccine, 33 later developed polio. Of those receiving the placebo, 115 later developed polio. Test the hypothesis that the Salk vaccine is effective in lowering the polio rate. Use a=0.01 Apply p-value and classical approach. Show step1-ste03.

In the initial test of the Salk vaccine for polio, 400,000 children were selected and divided into two groups of 200,000. One group was vaccinated with the Salk vaccine while the second group was vaccinated with a placebo. Of those vaccinated with the Salk vaccine, 33 later developed polio. Of those receiving the placebo, 115 later developed polio. Test the hypothesis that the Salk vaccine is effective in lowering the polio rate. Use a=0.01 Apply p-value and classical approach. Show step1-ste03.

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Description: In the initial test of the Salk vaccine for polio, 400,000 children were selected and divided into two groups of 200,000. One group was vaccinated with the Salk vaccine while the second group was vaccinated with a placebo. Of those vaccinated with th

Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition 2012

1st Edition

ISBN:9780547587776

Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Chapter11: Data Analysis And Probability

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8CR

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In the initial test of the Salk vaccine for polio, 400,000 children were selected and divided into two groups of 200,000. One group was vaccinated with the Salk vaccine while the second group was vaccinated with a placebo. Of those vaccinated with the Salk vaccine, 33 later developed polio. Of those receiving the placebo, 115 later developed polio. Test of the claim that the Salk vaccine is effective in lowering the polio rate. Use a significance level of 0.01.
A local dairy conducted taste tests of their nonfat and low fat cream cheese spreads at three supermarkets on one Saturday. They asked people to compare a cracker with their low fat spread on it and another cracker with the nationally known brand of the same type of spread. At one supermarket, everyone who came to the testing table, located just inside by the front door, and asked to participate was included. At a second market, only people who appeared to be older teenagers and adults were allowed to participate. The testing table was in the section of the store where paper goods are sold. At the third store, the testing table was in the dairy section and everyone who was asked to participate was included. However, they ran out of one of the products and had to stop the test three hours earlier than they planned. The table below shows how many people were tested at each location and their stated preferences Store A Store B Store C Number tasters = 258Number preferring local brand…
An issue of Science News (Vol. 163, No. 22, pp. 341-342) reported that the Women’s Health initiative cast doubts on the benefit of hormone -replacement therapy. Researchers randomly divided 4532 healthy women over the age of 65 years into two groups. One group, consisting of 2229 women, received hormone-replacement therapy, the other group, consisting of 2303 women received placebo. Over 5 years, 40 of the women receiving the hormone -replacement therapy were diagnosed with dementia, compared with 21 of those getting placebo. b. Determine and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the difference in dementia risk rates for healthy women over 65 years old who take hormone -replacement therapy and those who do not.
A study is being carried out in the operating room of the Regional Hospital of Veraguas to establish whether the type of surgery influences the appearance of nosocomial infections in obese patients who underwent a tubular gastrectomy. The 80 patients in the study are divided into two groups, one of whom had had an open surgery (44 patients) and the others a clean surgery. There were 37 patients with infection from open surgery and 14 with infection from clean surgery. If you did not have a nosocomial infection, what is the probability that you had clean surgery? What is the probability that a patient will have clean surgery? What is the probability that a patient will have open surgery? What is the probability of clean surgery or nosocomial infection? What is the probability of no nosocomial infection or clean surgery? If you had clean surgery, what is the probability of a nosocomial infection? If you had clean surgery, what is the probability of no nosocomial infection? If you had…
Historically, the proportion of people who trade in their old car to a car dealer when purchasing a new car is 48%. Over the previous six months, in a sample of 115 new car buyers, 46 have traded in their old car. To determine whether the proportion of new car buyers that trade in their old car has this is sickly significantly decreased, what is the null and alternative hypothesis?
A well-known study of 22,000 male physicians was conducted to determine if taking aspirin daily reduces the chances of a heart attack. Half of the physicians were given a regular dose of aspirin while the other half was given placebos. Six years later, among those who took aspirin, 104 suffered heart attacks while among those who took placebos, 189 suffered heart attacks. Does it appear that the aspirin can reduce the number of heart attacks among the sample group that took aspirin? Use α = 0.05.
Elizon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., announced the results of its first human trial of NPI 32101, a topical form of its skin ointment. A total of 225 patients diagnosed with skin irritations were randomly divided into three groups as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to test the effectiveness of the new topical cream. The first group received a 0.5% cream, the second group received a 1.0% cream, and the third group received a placebo. Groups were treated twice daily for a 6-week period. (a)What type of experimental design is this? (b)What is the control group for this study? (c)What is the factor that is set to predetermined levels? What is the treatment? (d)What does it mean for this study to be double-blind? (e)Identify the experimental units. (f)Draw a diagram to illustrate the design.
In a recent study of a random sample of 113 people, 92 reported dreaming in color. In the 1940’s, the proportion of people who reported dreaming in color was 29%. Is there evidence to show that the proportion of people who dream in color is different than the proportion in the 1940’s? What is the critical value for this hypothesis test? In a recent study of a random sample of 113 people, 92 reported dreaming in color. In the 1940’s, the proportion of people who reported dreaming in color was 29%. Is there evidence to show that the proportion of people who dream in color is different than the proportion in the 1940’s? What is the critical value for this hypothesis test? \pm1.96±1.96 \pm1.645±1.645 \pm2.575±2.575 \pm2.05±2.05 \pm2.33±2.33
In a study of hypnotic suggestion, 16 male volunteers were randomly allocated to a treatment groupand a control group. Each subject participated in a two-phase experimental session. In the first phase, respiration was measured while the subject was awake and at rest. In the second phase, the subject was told to imagine that he was performing muscular work, and respiration was measured again. For subjects in the treatment group, hypnosis was induced between the first and second phases; thus, the suggestion to imagine muscular work was “hypnotic suggestion” for treatment subjects and “waking suggestion” for control subjects. The table below shows the measurements of total ventilation (liters of air per minute per square meter of body area) for all 16 subjects. (a) For those being hypnotized (treatment group), test the hypotheses H0: μrest = μwork versus Ha:μrest 6= μwork, where μrest and μwork are respectively the mean total ventilation when they are atrest and when they are performing…
A pharmaceutical company is developing a new drug to treat a certain medical condition. The company has conducted a clinical trial to test the efficacy of the drug. The trial included 200 patients, half of whom were randomly assigned to receive the new drug and half of whom were randomly assigned to receive a placebo. At the end of the trial, 50% of the patients who received the new drug showed improvement, compared to only 30% of the patients who received the placebo. Test the hypothesis that the new drug is more effective than the placebo using a significance level of 0.01. Also, calculate the p-value and the 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions between the two groups.
Two years ago the manager of a local supermarket that sells three national brands (brands A, B, and C) and one store brand (brand D) of orange juice found that brands A and C were equally preferred, 33% preferred brand B, and 27% preferred the store brand, D. Now, the manager thinks that there has been a change in customer preferences and that the preference for store-brand orange juice has increased and perhaps will positively contribute to increased profits. The results from a recent random sample of shoppers indicate the following preferences.Favorite brand A B C D (store brand)Number 56 70 28 126Has there been a change in customer preferences from the study 2 years ago?
A researcher took a random sample of 200 new mothers in the United States (Group 1) and found that 16% of them experienced some form of postpartum depression. Another random sample of 200 new mothers in France (Group 2), where mothers receive 16 weeks of paid maternity leave, found that 11% experienced some form of postpartum depression. Can it be concluded that the percent of women in the United States experience more postpartum depression than the percent of women in France? Use α=0.05. Select the correct alternative hypothesis and decision