2. As shown in the figure, a rigid beam with negligible mass is pinned at one end and supported by two rods. The beam was initially horizontal before the load was applied. If P =120Kn a) Find the elongation of steel, b) elongation of aluminum and c) find the vertical movement of P. Steel E=200 GPa A=600 mm2 L-4m Aluminum E=70 GPa A=900 mm2 L=3m -3m- -2m- 1m- P=120 kN
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- A simply supported wooden I-beam with a 12-ft span supports a distributed load of intensity q = 90 lb/ft over its length (see figure part a). The beam is constructed with a web of Douglas-fir plywood and flanges of pine glued to the web, as shown in the figure part b. The plywood is 3/8 in. thick: the flanges are 2 in, × 2 in, (actual size). The modulus of elasticity for the plywood is 1,600,000 psi and for the pine is 1,200,000 psL Calculate the maximum bending stresses in the pine flanges and in the plywood web. What is q, if allowable stresses are 1600 psi in the flanges and 1200 psi in the web?A simple beam that is 18 ft long supports a uniform load of intensity q. The beam is constructed of two C8 x 11.5 sections (channel sections or C-shapes) on either side of a 4 × 8 (actual dimensions) wood beam (see the cross section shown in the figure part a). The modulus of elasticity of the steel (E; = 30,000 ksi) is 20 times that of the wood (Ew). (a) If the allowable stresses in the steel and wood are 12,000 psi and 900 psi, respectively, what is the allowable load qmax Note: Disregard the weight of the beam, and see Table F-3(a) of Appendix F for the dimensions and properties of the C-shape beam. (b) If the beam is rotated 90° to bend about its v axis (see figure part b) and uniform load q = 250 lb/ft is applied, find the maximum stresses trs and crw in the steel and wood, respectively Include the weight of the beam. (Assume weight densities of 35 lb/ft3 and 490 lb/ft3 for the wood and steel, respectively.)The cross section of a sand wie h beam consisting of aluminum alloy faces and a foam core is shown in the figure. The width b of the beam is 8.0 in, the thickness I of the faces is 0.25 in., and the height hcof the core is 5.5 in. (total height h = 6.0 in). The moduli of elasticity are 10.5 × 106 psi for the aluminum faces and 12.000 psi for the foam core. A bending moment M = 40 kip-in. acts about the z axis. Determine the maximum stresses in the faces and the core using (a) the general theory for composite beams and (b) the approximate theory for sandwich beams.
- A cantilever beam has a length L = 12 ft and a rectangular cross section (b = 16 in., h = 24 in.), A linearly varying distributed load with peak intensity q0acts on the beam, (a) Find peak intensity q0if the deflection at joint B is known to be 0.18 in. Assume that modulus E = 30,000 ksi. (b) Find the location and magnitude of the maximum rotation of the beam.A steel plate (called a cover ploie) having cross-sectional dimensions 6,0 in. × 0.5 in. is welded along the full length of the bottom flange of a W 12 × 50 wide-flange beam (sec figure, which shows the beam cross section). What is the percent increase in the smaller section modulus (as compared to the wide-flange beam alone)?A beam of square cross section (a = length of each side) is bent in the plane of a diagonal (see figure). By removing a small amount of material at the top and bottom corners, as shown by the shaded triangles in the figure, you can increase the section modulus and obtain a stronger beam, even though the area of the cross section is reduced. Determine the ratio ß defining the areas that should be removed in order to obtain the strongest cross section in bending. By what percent is the section modulus increased when the areas arc removed?
- A C 200 x 17.1 channel section has an angle with equal legs attached as shown; the angle serves as a lintel beam. The combined steel section is subjected to a bending moment M having its vector directed along the z axis, as shown in the figure. The cent roi d C of the combined section is located at distances xtand ycfrom the centroid (C1) of the channel alone. Principal axes yl and yvare also shown in the figure and properties Ix1,Iy1and 0pare given. Find the orientation of the neutral axis and calculate the maximum tensile stress exand maximum compressive stress if the angle is an L 76 x 76 x 6.4 section and M = 3.5 kN - m. Use the following properties for principal axes for the combined section:/^, = 18.49 X 106 nrai4,/;| = 1.602 X 106 mm4, ep= 7.448*(CW),_r£ = 10.70 mm,andvf= 24.07 mm.A seesaw weighing 3 lb/ft of length is occupied by two children, each weighing 90 lb (see figure). The center of gravity of each child is 8 ft from the fulcrum. The board is 19 ft long, 8 in. wide, and 1.5 in. thick. What is the maximum bending stress in the board?A gold-alloy microbeam attached to a silicon wafer behaves like a cantilever beam subjected to a uniform load (see figure). The beam has a length L = 27.5 m and rectangular cross section of a width b = 4.0 m and thickness t = 0.88 m. The total load on the beam is 17.2 N. If the deflection at the end of the beam is 2.46 m is what is the modulus of elasticity Egof the gold alloy? (Use the formulas of Example 9-2.)
- A reinforced concrete beam (see figure) is acted on by a positive bending moment of M = 160 kN · m. Steel reinforcement consists of 4 bars of 28 mm diameter. The modulus of elasticity for the concrete is Ec= 25 GPa while that of the steel is Es= 200 GPa. Find the maximum stresses in steel and concrete. If allowable stresses for concrete and steel are T2= 9.2 MPa and t1= 135 MPa, respectively, what is the maximum permissible positive bending moment? What is the required area of steel reinforcement, A$ if a balanced condition must be achieved? What is the allowable positive bending moment? (Recall that in a balanced design, both steel and concrete reach allowable stress values simultaneously under the design moment.)The cantilever beam AB shown in the figure has an extension BCD attached to its free end. A force P acts at the end of the extension. Find the ratio aiL so that the vertical deflection of point B will be zero. Find the ratio aiL so that the angle of rotation at point B will be zero.A bimetallic beam used in a temperature-control switch consists of strips of aluminum and copper bonded together as shown in the figure, which is a cross-sectional view. The width of the beam is LO in,, and each strip has a thickness of 1/16 in. Under the action of a bending moment M = 12 lb-in, acting about the z axis, what are the maximum stresses aaand ecin the aluminum and copper, respectively? (Assume fA, = 10,5 x l0 psi and ecu= 16,8 × 106 psi,)