2. State the two main experiments that were used to establish the extra stability of the benzene molecule. 3. What are the factors that confer Aromaticity to an organic molecule? 4. i. State the effects of substituents on a benzene derivative towards further aromatic substitution.

2. State the two main experiments that were used to establish the extra stability of the benzene molecule. 3. What are the factors that confer Aromaticity to an organic molecule? 4. i. State the effects of substituents on a benzene derivative towards further aromatic substitution.

Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9780618974122

Author:Andrei Straumanis

Publisher:Andrei Straumanis

Chapter18: Aromaticity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 26CTQ

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Biphenyl has the following structure.(a) Is biphenyl a (fused) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon?(b)…

A: a). The structure of biphenyl is represented as shown below. Fused structures have rings joined to…

Q: Is this compound aromatic? Explain why or why not. What if the charge was positive instead of…

A: Conition for compound to be Aromatic. Cyclic, planar, all carbon SP2hybrid, and follow Huckel rule…

Q: Use the inscribed polygon method to show the pattern of molecularorbitals in…

Q: Aromaticity On the basis of Huckel's rule, label the following molecules as aromatic, nonaromatic or…

Q: If there are unshared pairs of electrons on the atoms directly attached to the aromatic ring, they…

A: We know all the activators like NH2 , OH , OR etc. are Ortho - pera directors and all the…

Q: Benzimidazole contains a 5-member ring which by itself (lacking the benzene ring) is called…

Q: -By eliminating 3 moles of hydrogen from cyclo hexane convert to. By eliminating 4 moles of hydrogen…

A: Try to compose a structure which is having more stability after the elimination of the moles of…

Q: Prove the aromaticity of the molecules given below by discussing.

A: Concept of Aromaticity - In general , if a compound is to be aromatic , it must fulfil the…

Q: carbons with alternating double and single bonds throughout are called annulenes. A bracketed number…

A: Annulenes are monocyclic unsubstituted hydrocarbons that contain double and single bonds at the…

Q: Is furan an aromatic molecule? Why or why not? :O:

A: Aromaticity is a property of conjugated cyclic systems in which the stabilization of the molecule is…

Q: The triphenylmethyl radical is highly delocalized by resonance. In the resonance hybrid, how many…

A: There are ten different positions have radical character

Q: Which one of these molecules are aromatic?

A: Aromatic compounds are those compounds that contain conjugated planar system with delocalization of…

Q: ring with the effect of ……………… and are ……………………… directed towards electrophiles. Groups that are…

A: If any group increases electron density on benzene is ortho para directing. If it withdraw electron…

Q: Cyclopentadiene is unusually acidic for a hydrocarbon. Which of the following explains why that is?…

A: The solution is given below -

Q: A. Determine the number of electrons in a system of cyclic conjugation (zero if no cyclic…

Q: Which of the tollowing compounds would be considered aromatic?

Q: Complete the table with respect to each structure. Structure Planar? Completely Conjugated? # of…

A: The molecule is planar when it is SP2 hybridized or in resonance. If the molecule contains 4n+2 pi…

Q: Is this compound aromatic, please explain why or why not?

Q: Draw out the orbital structure and indicate if aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic furan…

Q: Provide the name of the functional group attached to the aromatic ring. "Do not include aromatic in…

Q: Complete the table with respect to each structure. m Structure Planar? Completely Conjugated? # of…

A: Planarity: In the first structure there is a carbanion present. The hybridization involved in…

Q: following Huckle rule, Which is not aromatic?

Q: following in the order of the Arrange reactivity to electrophilec aromatic Substitetrion reaction…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: (a) Which of the following has lone pair on O atom that is part of aromaticity? (b) Which lacks…

A: The rules of aromaticity are:- the compound must be cyclic the compound must be planar the compound…

Q: Which of the statements below is true regarding the reactivity of benzene? a. Substitution is…

A: Given, Which of the statements below is true regarding the reactivity of benzene? Options are :…

Q: In 1935, J. Bredt, a German chemist, proposed that a bicycloalkene could not have a double bond at a…

A: The compounds in which the internal carbon atoms of one of the cyclic rings are bonded to the other…

Q: Using the attached molecule and synthesis, please redraw the molecule showing the stereochemistry…

Q: Benzene Colto, ) was found to be totally unroactive toward addition Reactions. Based upon Resonance…

A: Here we have to explain why addition reaction of benzene is completely unreactive according to…

Q: What is Resonance Theory? Sate five conclusions that can be drawn from the theory. State the two…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, and have not specified which question you want us to…

Q: fill in the blanks. If there are unshared pairs of electrons on the atoms directly attached to the…

A: Explanation- 1) Electron donating groups cause the second subtituent to add on to the para or ortho…

Q: A. Determine the number of electrons in a system of cyclic conjugation (zero if no cyclic…

A: Aromaticity of the compound is determined by the delocalization of electrons. A compound is…

Q: Do your protons correspond to aldehyde or ketone functionality? Explain why or why not. Are any…

A: To determine which group is attached to the compound A or what functional groups present in the…

Q: Organic chemistry:What is Grignard reagent /synthesis used for ? And how can you tell if a a…

Q: Refer to the attached picture for the following questions Which among the five aromatic molecules…

A: We know that molecular stacking is decreased when there is steric repulsion in structure 3 there is…

Q: 1. Is the following compound aromatic or not? Motivate your answer by using Huckel's rule."

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will answer only first question for you. In order to get…

Q: What can you say about the organic compound below in terms of aromaticity? (attached photo)…

A: Highly stable conjugated cyclic compounds that do not give addition reactions and follow the Huckel…

Q: what is the Mechanism and important examples of aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution reactions

A: The substitution reaction which take place on an aromatic ring via nucleophile.

Q: A

A: Aromaticity is a property of cyclic, planar structures with pi bonds in resonance that increased…

Q: The correct order of the aromaticity character of the given heterocyclic molecules is

Q: N-

A: The given compound is a benzimidazole. It is a bicyclo compound in which the fusion of benzene ring…

Q: 1 i. What is Resonance Theory? Sate five conclusions that can be drawn from the theory. ii. State…

A: (i) Resonance theory is the theory which tells about the structure of any molecule but not by…

Q: Describe electrophilic substitution reaction of aromatic system with one example

A: In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction hydrogen atom is attached to an aromatic system…

Q: Why does Hammett Equation only apply to meta and para substituted rings and not others? Explain

A: The Hammett equation in organic chemistry describes a linear free energy relationship relating…

Q: Prove the aromaticity of the following molecules by discussing a) b)

A: Aromaticity: Aromaticity is a feature of conjugated cycloalkenes in which the capacity of the…

Q: Explain the concept of Hydrogenation Data and Degrees of Unsaturation ?

A: The addition of hydrogen to alkene to form alkane is referred to as hydrogenation of alkene. The…

Q: Provide the name of the functional group attached to the aromatic ring. "Do not include aromatic in…

A: We are given an aromatic compound with functional group.

Q: In electrophilic aromatic substitution, a group attached to the aromatic ring does not affect ring…

A: Benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reaction such as halogenation, nitration, sulfonation,…

Concept explainers

Bond Parameters

Many factors decide the covalent bonding between atoms. Some of the bond parameters are bond angle, bond order, enthalpy, bond length, etc. These parameters decide what kind of bond will form in atoms. Hence it is crucial to understand these parameters in detail and understand how changing these parameters affects the kind of bonding or various characteristics.

Bond Dissociation Energy

The tendency of an atom to attract an electron is known as its electronegativity.

Question

2. State the two main experiments that were used to establish the extra stability of the
benzene molecule.
3. What are the factors that confer Aromaticity to an organic molecule?
4. i. State the effects of substituents on a benzene derivative towards further aromatic
substitution.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps with 2 images

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

fill in the blanks. If there are unshared pairs of electrons on the atoms directly attached to the aromatic ring, they are the groups that provide electrons to the ring with the effect of ……………… and are ………………… directive towards electrophiles. Groups that are double bonded to a more electronegative atom than the atoms directly attached to the ring are ……… steers that withdraw electrons from the ring with the effect of … Groups whose electronegativity is higher than the sp2 carbon of the ring directly attached to the ring will withdraw electrons from the ring as ............. and ……… they are routers. Halogens, on the other hand, withdraw electrons from the ring as ………......... due to their high electronegativity and are ……….. directing.
Biphenyl has the following structure.(a) Is biphenyl a (fused) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon?(b) How many pi electrons are there in the two aromatic rings of biphenyl? How does this number compare with that for naphthalene?(c) The heat of hydrogenation for biphenyl is about 418 kJ>mol (100 kcal>mol). Calculate theresonance energy of biphenyl.(d) Compare the resonance energy of biphenyl with that of naphthalene and with that of two benzene rings. Explain thedifference in the resonance energies of naphthalene and biphenyl.
Using the Frost Circle method to outline the molecular orbitals of cyclobutadiene. and identify whether it is aromatic, antiaromatic or non-aromatic. Explain. (Note: Show the outline of MO of cyclobutadiene using the Frost circle method)
Please provide bond energy dissociation accurately for these 3 bonds for the below structure (with reference must be from a book or an article which I can find please): between carbon - carbon within the aromatic ring; between carbon - carbon between two aromatic rings; and between carbon - hydrogen within the aromatic ring. Thanks so much for your help!
In 1935, J. Bredt, a German chemist, proposed that a bicycloalkene could not have a double bond at a bridgehead carbon unless one of the rings containsat least eight carbons. This is known as Bredt’s rule. Explain why there cannot be a double bond at this position.
a) Write a description of the compounds involved in the synthesis (functional groups, specific features). b) Describe the steps involved in the synthesis and the role of each step. Each step should clearly indicate the reagent used, the stereochemistry involved in the reaction and its importance or relevance to the multistep synthesis.
Consider the following aromatic compounds a para-substituted compound?, the most reactive towards EAS? an ortho-substituted compound? does not react with RX, FeX3?
Preferably in a flowchart, what is the Mechanism and important examples of aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution reactions
Use the inscribed polygon method to show the pattern of molecularorbitals in cyclooctatetraene. Indicate the arrangement of electrons in these orbitals forcyclooctatetraene, and explain why cyclooctatetraene is not aromatic.
Which of the statement is INCORRECT? a. The increase in stability of 2,4-hexadiene over 1,3-hexadiene is due to the increased double bond substitution of the former. b. The stabilization of dienes by conjugation is less pronounced than the aromatic stabilization of benzene. c. Resonance description in alkenes usually involves charge separation. d. Higher energy pi-orbitals often have decreasing number of nodes.
Explain the concept of Hydrogenation Data and Degrees of Unsaturation ?
Which of these images are not aromatic?