2.How do gram positive and gram negative bacteria differ in cellular structure, and how does this contribute to their differential staining properties? 3.How does the age of a culture affect the gram stain reaction? What is an optimum culture age for a valid gram reaction? 4.Which step in the gram stain procedure is most prone to error?If done correctly how might that step affect the end result? 5.what is the function of mordant, and which reagent serves this purpose in the gram stain procedure? 6.List the reagents of the gram star technique in order and their general role in the staining process. 7.In what type of cell, gram -positive or gram-negative , would you find lipopolysaccharide in its cell wall?

2.How do gram positive and gram negative bacteria differ in cellular structure, and how does this contribute to their differential staining properties? 3.How does the age of a culture affect the gram stain reaction? What is an optimum culture age for a valid gram reaction? 4.Which step in the gram stain procedure is most prone to error?If done correctly how might that step affect the end result? 5.what is the function of mordant, and which reagent serves this purpose in the gram stain procedure? 6.List the reagents of the gram star technique in order and their general role in the staining process. 7.In what type of cell, gram -positive or gram-negative , would you find lipopolysaccharide in its cell wall?

Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6E

6th Edition

ISBN:9781133893943

Author:ESTRIDGE

Publisher:ESTRIDGE

Chapter7: Basic Clinical Microbiology

Section7.7: Bacterial Identification And Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Problem 2CS

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1.)What is the purpose of a counterstain? 2. What does a mordant do in the Gram stain procedure? Which reagent in the Gram stain is the mordant? 3. True or False? The oil objective should make contact with the oil on the slide. 4. Why is it necessary to let bacterial smears completely air dry before heat fixing? 5.Why should controls be included wherever possible for any staining technique? 6. Why is it necessary to heat the slides while staining for endospores?
1. What is the usual stain used for staining a sputum smear? 2. Give the principle of acid fast staining and gram staining.
2. What does a mordant do in the Gram stain procedure? Which reagent in the Gram stain is the mordant?
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1. What are the advantages of staining a bacterial preparation before observing it under a microscope?2.Briefly state how a hanging-drop preparation is prepared.3. How does the heaviness of a bacterial smear affect its microscopic analysis4. Why should you be careful not to underheat a smear during the heat-fixing process5.What is heat fixation? How is it carried out?6. Why do you think the presence of grease or dirt on a glass slide will result in a poor smear preparation? Cite two or three reasons 7. Why are basic dyes more effective for bacterial staining than acidic dyes?8. State two ways that can confirm whether a bacterial smear has been correctly prepared or not
1. What is the significance of soaking the container in bleach? 2. What is the significance of keping the container closed except when pouring the medium; partially opening the container during pour-plating in preparing culture media?
1. What is the purpose for using stains? What microbial characteristics can one ascertain from a simple stain? 2. Why is it necessary to make a heat-fix smear and what are the disadvantage of heat fixing?
1. In endospore staining, what is the purpose of using the steam? 2. Would it be useful to perform a Gram stain on a mixed culture? Why?
1-What microbial characteristics can one ascertain from a simplest stain? 2-A student is directed to make a simple stain of coli with crystal violet, but got mixed up and used safranin instead. How would their observations be different? Would the information obtained be any different? 3-How is the procedure different when taking cells from a solid medium compared to taking cells from a liquid medium? Why is it important that your smear be thin?
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1. What is the hazard of the spattering tendency in heating a wire loop with specimens over a flame? 2. Why is heat a highly effective sterilizing agent?3. Which of the three methods of heat sterilization is the most appropriate and practical to use in sterilizing antibiotic solutions? (Direct flame, Dry heat, Moist heat)