3.1 what is the amount needed today using mild steel? 3.2 what should the useful life of the stainless reactor be so that the capitalized cost are equal?
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A chemical reactor, which will contain corrosive liquids has been designed. The reactor may
be made of mild steel or stainless steel. The initial cost, including installation, of a mild steel reactor is
expected to be P72,000 and would last 5 years. Stainless steel is more resistant to the corrosive action of
the liquids, but is more expensive and will cost P120,000. Assuming that both types of reactors will have no
salvage or scrap value at the end of their useful lives and could be replaced at the same costs as before,
and if money is worth 7.5% compounded annually,
3.1 what is the amount needed today using mild steel?
3.2 what should the useful life of the stainless reactor be so that the capitalized cost are equal?
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- The Aubey Coffee Company is evaluating the within-plant distribution system for its new roasting, grinding, and packing plant. The two alternatives are (1) a conveyor system with a high initial cost but low annual operating costs and (2) several forklift trucks, which cost less but have considerably higher operating costs. The decision to construct the plant has already been made, and the choice here will have no effect on the overall revenues of the project. The cost of capital for the plant is 8%, and the projects’ expected net costs are listed in the following table: What is the IRR of each alternative? What is the present value of the costs of each alternative? Which method should be chosen?Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?
- Oil from a specific type of marine microalgae can be converted into biodiesel that may serve as an al- ternate transportable fuel for automobiles and trucks. If lined ponds are used to grow the algae, the construction cost is $13 million and the M&O cost is estimated at $2.1 million per year. Alterna- tively, if long plastic tubes are used for growing the algae, the initial cost will be higher at $18 million, but less contamination will render the M&O cost lower at $0.41 million per year. At an interest rate of 10% per year and a 5-year project period, which system is better—ponds or tubes? Use a present worth analysis.Oil from a specific type of marine microalgae can be converted into biodiesel that may serve as an alternate transportable fuel for automobiles and trucks. If lined ponds are used to grow the algae, the construction cost is $12 million and the M&O cost is estimated at $1.6 million per year. Alternatively, if long plastic tubes are used for growing the algae, the initial cost will be higher at $16 million, but less contamination will render the M&O cost lower at $0.4 million per year. At an interest rate of 10% per year and a 5-year project period, which system is better—ponds or tubes? Use a present worth analysis. The present worth of lined ponds is $ ____million and that of plastic tubes is $ ____million. ____ (Lined ponds or plastic tubes) are used to grow algae.Oil from a particular type of marine microalgae can be converted to biodiesel that can serve as an alternate transportable fuel for automobiles and trucks. If lined ponds are used to grow the algae, the construction cost will be $13 million and the maintenance & operating (M&O) cost will be $2.1 million per year. If long plastic tubes are used for growing the algae, the initial cost will be higher at $18 million, but less contamination will render the M&O cost lower at $0.41 million per year. At an interest rate of 10% per year and a 5-year project period, which system is better, ponds or tubes? Use a present worth analysis.
- The Aubey Coffee Company is evaluating the within-plant distribution system for its new roasting, grinding, and packing plant. The two alternatives are (1) a conveyor system with a high initial cost but low annual operating costs and (2) several forklift trucks, which cost less but have considerably higher operating costs. The decision to construct the plant has already been made, and the choice here will have no effect on the overall revenues of the project. The cost of capital for the plant is 7%, and the projects' expected net costs are listed in the following table: Expected Net Cost Year Conveyor Forklift 0 -$500,000 -$200,000 1 -120,000 -160,000 2 -120,000 -160,000 3 -120,000 -160,000 4 -120,000 -160,000 5 -20,000 -160,000 What is the IRR of each alternative? The IRR of alternative 1 is -Select-undefined 5% 7% 9% Item 1 . The IRR of…In a bio-based material recycling company, the operation managers are considering a twin-screw extruder with a price of 12,000 OMR and another 2,000 OMR will be spent for shipping and installation of the extruder. The estimated net income generated from this machine is 3,500 OMR per year. The extruder will be used for 5 years, and then it will be sold for an estimated market value of 2,500 OMR. The extruder MARCS property class is 5 years. If the effective income tax rate (t) is 40% and the after-tax MARR is 10%. (a) What is the after-tax IRR for this project? (use trial and error procedure and GDS) (b) Should this extruder be purchased by the company?An engineer is considering two different liners for an evaporation pond that will receive salty concentrate from a brackish water desalting plant. A plastic liner will cost $0.90 per square foot and will have to be replaced in 20 years when precipitated solids have to be removed from the pond using heavy equipment. A rubberized elastomeric liner is tougher and, therefore, is expected to last 30 years, but it will cost $2.20 per square foot. The pond covers 110 acres (1 acre = 43,560 square feet). Which liner is more cost effective on the basis of an annual worth analysis at an interest rate of 8% per year? Solve using (a) tabulated factors, and (b) a calculator.
- Bailey, Inc., is considering buying a new gang punch that would allow circuit boards to be produced more efficiently. The punch has a first cost of $100,000 and a useful life of 15 years. At the end of its useful life, the punch has no salvage value. Annual labor costs would increase $2,000 using the gang punch, but annual raw material costs would decrease $12,000. MARR is 5%/year. assuming that floor support and vibration dampening must be added for the gang punch. These one-time first costs are estimated to be $35,000. a. What is the present worth of this investment? b. What is the decision rule for judging the attractiveness of investments based on present worth? c. Should Bailey buy the gang punch?A small company that manufactures vibration isolation platforms is trying to decide whether it should replace the current assembly system (D), which is rather labor intensive, now or 1 year from now with a system that is more automated (C). Some components of the current system can be sold immediately for $9000, but they will be worthless hereafter. The operating cost of the existing system is $192,000 per year. System C will cost $320,000 with a $50,000 salvage value after 4 years. Its operating cost will be $68,000 per year. If you are told to do a replacement analysis using an interest rate of 10% per year, which system do you recommend?A small company that manufactures vibration isolation platforms is trying to decide whether it should immediately upgrade the current assemblysystem D, which is rather labor-intensive, with the more highly automated system C one year from now. Some components of the current system canbe sold now for $9000, but they will be worthless hereafter. The operating cost of the existing system is $192,000 per year. System C will cost $320,000 with a $50,000 salvage value after four years. Its operating cost will be $68,000 per year. If you are told to do a replacement analysis using an interest rate of 10% per year, which system do you recommend?
