Answered: 4. Briefly describe the 2 reasons why…

4. Briefly describe the 2 reasons why the Inuit people exhibit somewhat darker skin levels than would be predicted given the UV levels at their latitude.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21QP

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Concept explainers

Learning and memory

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent and irreversible adaptive change in behavior. It always results from experience. The ability of an organism to store and recall the effects, sensations, and knowledge gained through learning and experience is called memory.

Question

Please answer number 4

1. How does skin cancer not exert enough evolutionary pressure to account for
darker skin in humans?
2. How does folate deficiency exert enough evolutionary pressure to account for
darker skin in humans?
3. What is one indispensable function of UVB rays in the human body? How does this
exert evolutionary pressure on human skin color?
4. Briefly describe the 2 reasons why the Inuit people exhibit somewhat darker skin
levels than would be predicted given the UV levels at their latitude.
5. What theory do the authors propose for why women generally have lighter skin
than men?
6. Briefly explain why skin color is described as "one of the least useful
characteristics in determining the evolutionary relations between human groups"?
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1. What is the function of melanin in humans? What is the function of melanin in other species? 2. According to the film, why is there a lack of diversity in the MC1R allele among African populations? 3. According to the film, why was dark skin selected for regions close to the equator? 4. Describe the selective pressure favoring light skin in regions far from the equator. 5. Which human populations living in which environments are most at risk for rickets today and why?
1 - Consider natural selection and biocultural evolution. Why do you think anatomically modern humans were more reproductively successful than other contemporary hominins? Or were they? 2 - Why do you think such a small portion of Neandertal or Denisovan DNA exists in the gene pool of modern humans? Why not more? 3 - How might have anatomically modern humans avoided waiting tens of thousands of years for advantageous mutations to pop up that would allow them to adapt to all of these new environments they encountered as they dispersed across the Old World? What might have been a faster way for them to adapt to these environments that the groups who were already in the region had already adapted to? 4 - How does admixture between different regionally adapted populations increase a species chances of survival? 5 - How might the removal of a regionally adapted population make a species more susceptible to extinction?
The hair keratin gene KRTHAP1 was lost in the human lineage. Keratins are a major component of hairs. Humans still have nine functional type I hair keratin genes but the loss of that particular gene may have caused the thinning of human body hair. The gene loss occurred relatively recently in human evolution—less than 240,000 years ago. What does this tell you about the possible phenotypic appearance of the humanoids living at that time? a. Denisovans likely had excessive body hair. b. The immediate precursors to anatomically modern humans must have been extremely hirsuit. c. We would expect to see a significant diminution in body hair in the hominids living around 240KYA consistent with the loss of this gene. d. Neanderthals probably had thick wooly manes of body hair. e. Homo ergaster probably had no body hair
10. Based on what you know about skin pigmentation so far, suggest a mechanism by which UV intensity could provide a selective pressure on the evolution of human skin color. In other words, propose a hypothesis that links skin color to evolutionary fitness.
What factors caused the correlation between the reduction in skin pigmentation in humans and migration of human populations away from the equator? The exposure of human populations to predators only common to the polar regions caused them to adapt by camouflaging better with the environment. The exposure of human populations to less UV light required a reduction in melanin to produce more vitamin D for healthier bones. The exposure of human populations to new sources of food common to the polar regions caused changes in physiology that resulted in the production of less melanin. The exposure of human populations to new diseases common to the polar regions interferred with melanin production causing lighter skin.
According to the video “The Biology of Skin Color”, why is lighter skin needed in areas closer to the north and south poles where UV rays are weaker? A. Individuals with a lot of melanin would get too much UV ray penetration in their skin and they wouldn't be able to synthesize vitamin D. B. Lighter skin is not necessary in the north and south poles. C. Individuals with a lot of melanin wouldn't get enough UV ray penetration in their skin to synthesize vitamin B. D. Individuals with a lot of melanin wouldn't get enough UV ray penetration in their skin to synthesize vitamin D.
Microtaxonomy ( Species and Speciation ) People who do not believe in evolution often cite the classic example of man presumably evolving from the apes. They oftern ask: if humans evolved from apes, why are there apes until today? How will you provide a convincing answer that there is no contradiction in the existence of apes and humans at the same time?
Based on everything that you have learned so far, provide an explanation for how the different shades of skin color from pinkish white to dark brown evolved throughout human history.
Can the effects of UV light on the folate explain the full variation of human skin color that exists among human populations today? Expain your reasoning.
Why is it that the evolution of skin color is considered a case of natural selection? Group of answer choices A- Because different alleles in skin color genes lead to differences in skin color B- Because differences in skin color lead to differences in number of children in different environments C- Both D- Neither
3 - How might have anatomically modern humans avoided waiting tens of thousands of years for advantageous mutations to pop up that would allow them to adapt to all of these new environments they encountered as they dispersed across the Old World? What might have been a faster way for them to adapt to these environments that the groups who were already in the region had already adapted to?
So if skin color selection is not related to cancer, what accounts for the difference in skin color of different human populations? Meaning where is the selective pressure coming from to explain the differences in skin color?