5. A young woman decided to lose weight and abstained from fat-containing food for several months. Her diet contained an increased amount of carbohydrates relative to the norm, and her weight increased. Explain the reason for weight gain in this casc. For answer:.
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- 2.A person did not get food for 3 days and had lost his weight, ketone bodies were revealed in urine. To explain this: a)describe the main metabolic pathways providing energy for the liver cells during starvation and explain its regulation; b) discuss the hormonal changes; c)predict the deleterious effect of prolonged starvation.1. Describe briefly the hydrolysis reaction for carbohydrates as indicated to the picture A. What organ is responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon? B. Where does glycogen get stored?Patient who had undergone a complex maxillofacial operation could not takefood during 2 days, but glucose level in the patient's blood during that period wason the lower limit of normal. What mechanisms facilitate the maintenance ofnormal level of glucose in prolonged starvation? To answer this question:a) indicate normal fasting blood glucose level;b) draw the metabolic pathway ensuring glucose synthesis in patient's body duringa period of starvation, mark the enzymes and coenzymes;c) list the substrates of this process and its localization.
- 1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?1) Discuss the differences between an essential and a nonessential nutrient in terms of dietary consumption. Can the body survive without the provision of essential and nonessential nutrients? If an individual utilizes basic diet-planning principles, can he or she be sure that he or she will be able to obtain all the necessary essential nutrients? Why or why not?1. Discuss the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies. 2. Describe adequately the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. 3. What are the different pathways of glucose metabolism?
- 1.What are the net products after one molecule of Glucose goes through the process of Glycolysis ? Answer should include the product name and Net products ' means that if a molecule was consumed during the process that should be subtracted from the final number . 2. Distinguish between fat- and water-soluble vitamins, and list the vitamins in ea group. 3. A molecule of Glucose has just gone through Glycolysis and been converted into Pyruvic Acid. Explain what will happen to Pyruvic Acid if oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities to continue with the path through the electron transport system .1. Describe the digestion of dietary proteins. 2. What are the different pathways of glucose metabolism? 3. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver.1.. Discuss how the inability to synthesize insulin and glucagon would impact lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism.
- 6.Carbohydrate oxidation is faster than fat oxidation, and glucose is used first as the preferred energy source in skeletal muscles during intense physical activity. A.Explain the roles of anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of glucose for energy (ATP) production during intense physical activity. You may draw a figure to explain the anaerobic and aerobic oxidative phases of glucose oxidation. B.Explain what oxygen debt means, and how it is related to oxygen deficit during intense physical activity.37-Which of the following would be the best way to increase your intake of very long omega-3 fatty acids? a.Eat more fish. b.Eat more plants. c.Eat more seed oils. d.Take supplements.1) The major function of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is to, choose all correct answers. (A) bind high density lipoprotein (HDL). (B) transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues. (C) serve as a precursor for cholesterol biosynthesis. (D) transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver. (E) serve as a site for the esterification of cholesterol. 2). Individual with the genetic disease of Familial hypercholesterolemia have higher levels of cholesterol in the blood, which of the following could cause this disease: (A) deregulated biosynthesis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors (B) high dietary cholesterol (C) plaque formation in the arteries. (D) high cholesterol biosynthesis in liver tissue. (E) deregulated biosynthesis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 3) The enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase utilizes ____ as its substrate. A). ATP B). ADP C). AMP D). PPi E). phosphate
