5. Given that excess demands are continuous and satisfy Walras' law, use Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem to establish the existence of competitive equilibrium in a simple exchange economy. Suppose that an apple orchard is located next to a bee keeper. If the orchard produces x apples and the bee keeper produces y honey and the cost functions of the two are as follows: C(x) = x² + 10x +9 C(y) = y² - 8x What will be the socially optimal amount of apples that can be produced? How does this compare to privately optimal amount?
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- Suppose market demand for mobile operators is expressed by Q=90-3P where Q is measured by calls in hours. There are three firms that supply the market: TRCell,VFone, and Avea .Avea provide hourly calls at a unit cost of 20$, where as TRCell& VFone has a unit cost equal to 10 Suppose firms are competing in price( no capacity constraints ) a) What is the market price? Why? b) How much does each firm sell in Bertrand equilibrium? c) What are firms’ profits? Is there any way for all firms to get higher profits4 Suppose market demand for mobile operators is expressed by Q=90-3P where Q is measured by calls in hours. There are three firms that supply the market: TRCell,VFone, and Avea .Avea provide hourly calls at a unit cost of 20$, where as TRCell& VFone has a unit cost equal to 10 Suppose firms are competing in price( no capacity constraints ) a) What is the market price? Why? b) How much does each firm sell in Bertrand equilibrium? c) What are firms’ profits? d)Is there any way for all firms to get higher profitsCOURSE: MICROECONOMICS - Bertrand's ModelAssume that a market is supplied by 2 companies, whose total costs are: CTi = 100Respective demand of each is: q1 = 120 - 2p1 + p2 and q2 = 120 - 2p2 + p1It is requested to:(a) calculate the firms' profit and reaction function.(b) plot the market equilibrium price and reaction function(d) calculate equilibrium quantity produced by each firm(e) determine profits that both firms will have at equilibrium.
- Modified True or False: State whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, briefly explain why it is so, and then restate it to make it true. i. In the long-run competitive equilibrium, each individual firm chooses a scale of operations that minimizes its long-run average cost.Suppose that YouYeet is one of over a dozen competitive firms in the Oviedo area that offers moving truck rentals. Based on the preceding graph showing the weekly market demand and supply curves, the price YouYeet must take as given is . Fill in the price and the total, marginal, and average revenue YouYeet earns when it rents 0, 1, 2, or 3 trucks during move-in week. Quantity Price Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Average Revenue (Trucks) (Dollars per truck) (Dollars) (Dollars) (Dollars per truck) 0 0 – 1 2 3 The demand curve faced by YouYeet is identical to which of its other curves? Check all that apply. Supply curve Marginal revenue curve Average revenue curve Marginal cost curveAnalyse, in two different partial equilibrium models, what the implications of reducing each of these two different forms of food waste would be. Assume perfect competition in both cases. Illustrate your answers graphically. 1) In a rich country, suppose that improved storage technology at the household level means that households can, at no extra cost, reduce their food waste compared to current levels. What will happen to market demand, market supply, and the equilibrium price in the short run as a result? What will the new long run equilibrium look like? 2) In a poor country, suppose that improved storage technology at the producer level means that producers can, at no extra cost, reduce their food waste compared to current levels. What will happen to market demand, market supply, and the equilibrium price in the short run as a result? What will the new long run equilibrium look like?
- Suppose there are 1,000 hot pretzel stands operating in New York City. Each stand has the usual U-shaped average-total-cost curve. The market demand curve for pretzels slopes downward and the market for pretzels is in long-run competitive equilibrium. Draw the current equilibrium, using graphs for the entire market and for an individual pretzel stand. Now the city decides to restrict the number of pretzel-stand licenses, reducing the number of stands to only 800. What effect will this action have on the market and on an individual stand that is still operating? Use graphs to illustrate your answer. Suppose that the city decides to charge a license fee for the 800 licenses. How will this affect the number of pretzels sold by an individual stand, and the stand’s profit? The city wants to raise as much revenue as possible and also wants to ensure that 800 pretzel stands remain in the city. By how much should the city increase the license fee? Show the answer on your graph.Consider the differentiated goods Bertrand price competition model where firms A and B produce similar goods and sell them at pA and pB. The demand for each firm’s product is given byqA =60−2pA +pB andqB =60–2pB +pA ,and there are NO costs of producing either good (all costs are 0). (a)Calculate the (Bertrand) equilibrium prices and the net profits of each firm (b) Now suppose that -instead of competing to maximize their own individual profits- the firms decide to “collude” and set prices pA and pB to maximize their joint profits (sum of their profits). What would be each firm’s optimal price and net profits? Compare these prices and profits with what you found in (a) (greater/smaller/the same?).2) Suppose the Market Demand function is Q = 60,700 – 520P. The two firms in the market compete under Bertrand Competition. The Marginal Cost (MC) for the two firms is MC = $39.90. What is the market price at the Nash Equilibrium?
- Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…