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- 31% of all pygmy softshell tortoises have stripes on their shells. A herpetologist in Cititon collects a sample of 28 pygmy softshell tortoises and finds that 8 of them have stripes on their shells. Is there enough evidence to conclude, at a significance of alpha = 0.05, that the proportion of pygmy softshell tortoises in Cititon with stripes on their shells is less than 31%? What is the claim? What is the null hypothesis? What is the alternative hypothesis? What is the test statistic? What is/are the critical value(s)? Do we reject the null hypothesis? What conclusion do we draw? What is the P-value for the problem above?In a study examining overweight and obese college football players, Mathews and Wagner(2008) found that on average both offensive and defensive linemen exceeded the at-risk criterionfor body mass index (BMI). BMI is a ratio of body weight to height squared and is commonlyused to classify people as overweight or obese. Any value greater than 30 kg/m2 is considered tobe at risk. In the study, a sample of n = 17 offensive linemen averaged M = 34.4 with a standarddeviation of s = 4.0. A sample of n = 19 defensive linemen averaged M = 31.9 with s = 3.5a. Use a single-sample t test to determine whether the offensive linemen are significantly abovethe at-risk criterion for BMI. Use a one-tailed test with α = .01.b. Use a single-sample t test to determine whether the defensive linemen are significantly abovethe at-risk criterion for BMI. Use a one-tailed test with α = .01.c. Use an independent-measures t test to determine whether there is a significant differencebetween the offensive linemen…A suburban hotel derives its revenue from its hotel and restaurant operations. Theowners are interested in the relationship between the number of rooms occupied on anightly basis and the revenue per day in the restaurant. Below is a sample of 25 days(Monday through Thursday) from last year showing the restaurant income and numberof rooms occupied.
- 31% of all pygmy softshell toises have stripes on their shells. A herpetologist in Cititon collects a sample of 28 pygmy softshell tortoises and finds that 8 of them have stripes on their shells. Is there enough evidence to conclude, at a significance of alpha=0.05, that the proportion of pygmy softshell tortoises in Cititon with stripes on their shells is less than 31%? What is the claim? What is the null hypothesis? What is the alternative hypothesis? What is the test statistic? What is/are the critical value(s)? Do we reject the null hypothesis? What conclusion do we draw? What is the P-value for the problem above?Q3. Kaimura et al. (2000) investigated the effects of procyanidin B-2 tonic on human hair growth after sequential use for 6 months. In one part of the study, the total hair increase (total hairs at month 6 – total hairs at month 0) in the designated scalp area was measured for a sample of 15 men treated with a placebo control and a sample of 25 men treated with a procyanidin B-2 (PB2). The data is contained in the file A2Q3.csv. (This data is simulated based on information in the paper. You must use the data in the file to carry out the analysis). Is there evidence that the total hair increase of the subjects in the procyanidin B-2 group was greater the those in the placebo control group, at the 5% level of significance? State an appropriate null and alternative hypothesis in words and symbols.Prior to assessment of the outcome, the researchers did a manipulation check. Members of Groups 1 and 2 rated the attractiveness (on a 1 to 9 scale, with 9 being the most attractive) of the person in the photo. They reported that for the attractive photo, M = 7.53; for the unattractive photo, M = 3.20, F(1, 108) = 184.29. Was this difference statistically significant (using a =.05)? What was the effect size for the difference in (2a)? Was their attempt to manipulate perceived attractiveness successful? Why does the F ratio in (2a) have just df=1 in the numerator?
- Bisphenol A in Your Soup CansBisphenol A (BPA) is in the lining of most canned goods, and recent studies have shown a positive association between BPA exposure and behavior and health problems. How much does canned soup consumption increase urinary BPA concentration? That was the question addressed in a recent study1 in which consumption of canned soup over five days was associated with a more than 1000% increase in urinary BPA. In the study, 75 participants ate either canned soup or fresh soup for lunch for five days. On the fifth day, urinary BPA levels were measured. After a two-day break, the participants switched groups and repeated the process. The difference in BPA levels between the two treatments was measured for each participant. The study reports that a 95% confidence interval for the difference in means (canned minus fresh) is 19.6 to 25.5 μg/L. (a) Is this a randomized comparative experiment or a matched pairs experiment? Randomized comparative experiment…Based on information from a previous study, r1 = 34 people out of a random sample of n1 = 105 adult Americans who did not attend college believe in extraterrestrials. However, out of a random sample of n2 = 105 adult Americans who did attend college, r2 = 50 claim that they believe in extraterrestrials. Does this indicate that the proportion of people who attended college and who believe in extraterrestrials is higher than the proportion who did not attend college? Use ? = 0.01. (a) What is the level of significance?State the null and alternate hypotheses. H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 ≠ p2H0: p1 < p2; H1: p1 = p2 H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 < p2H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 > p2 (b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making? The Student's t. The number of trials is sufficiently large.The standard normal. We assume the population distributions are approximately normal. The standard normal. The number of trials is sufficiently large.The Student's t. We assume the…The NAEP considers that a national average of 283 is an acceptable performance. Using α = .05, run a two-tail t-test for one sample to test Ho: µ=283 for the 2019 scores. Report the t-obt, df, and p-values. Would you reject the null hypothesis that the 2019 scores come from a population with average 283? If this is the case, does it come from a population from larger or smaller average?
- Based on information from a previous study, r1 = 38 people out of a random sample of n1 = 104 adult Americans who did not attend college believe in extraterrestrials. However, out of a random sample of n2 = 104 adult Americans who did attend college, r2 = 48 claim that they believe in extraterrestrials. Does this indicate that the proportion of people who attended college and who believe in extraterrestrials is higher than the proportion who did not attend college? Use ? = 0.01. (a) What is the level of significance?State the null and alternate hypotheses. H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 > p2H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 < p2 H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 ≠ p2H0: p1 < p2; H1: p1 = p2 (b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making? The Student's t. The number of trials is sufficiently large.The standard normal. The number of trials is sufficiently large. The Student's t. We assume the population distributions are approximately normal.The standard normal. We assume the…A two-sample t-test for a difference in means was conducted to investigate whether there is a statistically significant difference in the average amount of fat found in low-fat yogurt and the average amount of fat found in nonfat yogurt. With all conditions for inference met, the test produced a test statistic of t=2.201 and a p-value of 0.027. Based on the p-value and a significance level of α=0.05, which of the following is the correct conclusion? Reject the null hypothesis because p<α. The difference in the average amount of fat found in low-fat and nonfat yogurt is not statistically significant. A Reject the null hypothesis because p<α. The difference in the average amount of fat found in low-fat and nonfat yogurt is statistically significant. B Fail to reject the null hypothesis because p<α. The difference in the average amount of fat found in low-fat and nonfat yogurt is not statistically significant. C Fail to reject the null…For an independent-measures study using ANOVA with dfbetween = 4 and dfwithin = 18, what value of q is used for Tukey’s HSD formula (assume alpha = .05)? a. 4.28 b. 5.38 c. 4.00 d. Cannot be determined