Q: Explain the term antibodies?
A: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that the body's immune system helps fight infections. There are…
Q: 54.Host defenses: Which substances can activate host cells to produce AVP's, AntiViral Proteins in…
A: Antiviral responses are activated rapidly after viral infection in order to control and prevent…
Q: What is innate immunity? Also explain its four types of barriers.
A: The immune system protects the body against pathogens and cancer cells. Immunity can be divided into…
Q: 19. The part of the antibody that combines with the antigenic determinants called: O medial region O…
A: According to our guideline we can answer only the first question. So, upload the questions…
Q: Why Vaccine effectiveness declines with stress?
A: Stress can have all sorts of negative health effectsweight gain, sleeplessness, high blood pressure…
Q: An autoimmune disease is a condition in which the White Blood Cells of the immune system attack…
A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…
Q: Explain delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). How might you expect to induce it? What components of…
A: The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is characterized by the T cells recruitment into tissues to…
Q: All of the following are involved in the alternative pathway of complement activation except _____.…
A: The alternative pathway is one of three complement pathways that opsonize and kill pathogens. The…
Q: What is an immunoglobulin? Describe the structure of an immunoglobulin molecule (light chain and…
A: Immunity is a state of resistance of an organism to invading biotic or abiotic pathogens and their…
Q: What are three roles played by the Fc domain of an antibody?
A: Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four…
Q: Explain the mechanism underlying the molecular structure of C7, C8, and C9 complement protein
A: The complement system consist of 35 proteins found within the plasma or sure to host cells, forms an…
Q: Explain in detail differences between complement protein and complement regulatory protein?
A: The immune system is involved in protecting the body from pathogens such as viruses and bacteria,…
Q: Can Ab. Act as antigens? Explain why.
A: Antibodies are immunoglobulins that fight against the foreign particles that invade our bodies. They…
Q: Describe the components of the innate immune response. Describe the sequence of events when a…
A: The innate immune system is considered as the first line of defense, which helps to provide…
Q: Some bacterial cells avoid the killing effects of activated complement proteins. How might they do…
A: In the destruction of pathogenic organisms by directing the antibodies towards the destruction of…
Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…
A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…
Q: HIV can be treated with therapy, but there is a growing in the level of innate immune activation…
A: Inanate immune system constitute first line of defense to HIV virus, paatern of association is the…
Q: How do vaccines provide immunity?
A: A vaccine is a natural arrangement that gives dynamic procured resistance to a specific irresistible…
Q: Which of the enzymatic fragments are able to bind antigen?
A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…
Q: 69. Host Defenses. T cytotoxic lymphocytes exhibit all of the following traits EXCEPT: O secrete…
A: Cell-mediated Immunity is due to the activity of T-lymphocytes just as Humoral Immunity is due to…
Q: Immunology What are the two major functions of macrophages in the thymus?
A: Along with lymphocytes and epithelial cells, macrophages are a large population of thymic cells.
Q: Explain how Hypermutation contributes to antibody diversity.
A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…
Q: In certain bacterial illnesses, particularly lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a…
A: Introduction :- Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that is found commonly in the environment, like in…
Q: 88 Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT O production of interferon. O inflammation.…
A: Humans are exposed to millions of viruses that can occur daily, through contact, ingestion, and…
Q: Explain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.
A: 1. The viruses are internalized by the macrophages by phagocytosis. 2. Then they process the virus…
Q: Explain the role of normal defenses in preventingdisease
A: The immune system is the body's natural defense against disease-causing organisms such as bacteria,…
Q: Mistakes by the Enzymes that Carry Out AntibodyGene Rearrangements Can Lead to?
A: Antibody or Immunoglobulin is a proteinaceous component of the immune system. It is produced by…
Q: Some antigens are super antigen?
A: An antigen is a molecular construction that might be available outwardly of a microorganism, that…
Q: Cancer cells evade immune surveillance. What "strategies" can cancer cells use to escape NK cells?
A: Cancer is a condition caused by uncontrolled cell division.
Q: Complement activation can occur via the classical and alternative pathway. (i) How do the two…
A: Introduction :- The complement system, also known as the complement cascade, is an immune system…
Q: Discuss the importance of the host complement response
A: 1-The importance of the host complement response is that it act as a defence mechanism for…
Q: hy cannot freeze Human Normal Immunoglobulin injection?
A: Immunoglobulin , which is also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation which is…
Q: why is the study of Immune checkpoint inhibitors important for basic immunology and human diseases
A: Commercial availability, longer life time, and high efficacy against cancer cells are only a few of…
Q: Describe the initiation and activation of classical complement pathway.
A: Compliments are a group of thermo labile enzymetic proteins found in the serum and body fluid and…
Q: Name an immune immunosuppressive agent?
A: Immunosuppressants are drugs or medicines are also called as immunosuppressive agents are used to…
Q: Why Some antigens are super antigen ?
A: In immunology, an antigen is a molecule that might be available outwardly of a microorganism, that…
Q: D. antibody B. cell mediated immunity 18. Which of the following best describes the immunity gained…
A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…
Q: What is the function of Fab and Fc region on an antibody?
A: Given: What is the function of Fab and Fc region on an antibody?
Q: Why is complement low in lupus
A: Lupus also known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term, incurable autoimmune disease…
Q: 29. Explain why the engineered T cells taken from one cancer patient will not work as a cancer…
A: To understand the mechanism of lymphocyte we have to understand the T cells Lymphocytes --These are…
Q: Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the complement? A. The alternative route…
A:
Q: What is adaptive immunity ?
A: Immunity is a complicated biological system with the ability to recognise and tolerate what belongs…
Q: How would IgG enhance innate immune system
A: Introduction: Immune system is a defense mechanism of body which protects us from any foreign body…
Q: What is the reason behind antibody diversity?
A: Antibody Antibodies are the molecules (Y-shaped structures) which are produced by the immune system…
Q: Describe the structural features of a typical immune-globulin molecule.
A: Introduction: An antibody is a type of immunoglobulin which is produced by the immune system of the…
Q: Explain the significance of opsonization.
A: Optimization is the process by which our body target pathogens by opsonin proteins like C3b . These…
Q: Describe the structure of immunoglobulin and the functions of the Fab and Fc portions.
A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous microbes is known as immunity.…
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- Question 27 The process responsible for the production of antibodies against allergens to ‘arm’ a mast cell is known as what? Question 27 options: Antigen processing Inflammation Sensitization Hyperreactivityquestion: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :) Article: Photodynamic Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 In addition to drug- and vaccine-based antiviral strategies, photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands as a unique approach to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Using a light-based method, PDT attacks target cells via the excitation of photosensitive agents, called photosensitizers (PSs), with radiation characterized by a wavelength corresponding to its absorption spectrum to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of oxygen, which ultimately results in cell death. Photodynamic therapy is primarily used for the clinical treatment of various oncological disorders. It was not until the 1970s that PDT was first used clinically…Question 38 The constant region of each heavy chain determines the class of the heavy chain. Question 38 options: True False Question 39 The extensive variety of MHC proteins is apparent at a population level. Question 39 options: True False Question 40 the immunoglobulin sequences involved in antigen binding is situated in: Question 40 options: The constant region of the antibody The hyper-variable region of the antibody C terminal of the antibody Area close to disulfide bridges
- Question- Which of the following is NOT a reason why SARS-CoV2 is so virulent? A. It attaches to a host cell receptor that is on many cell types B. It cannot be transmitted from an asymptomatic person C. It has a low infectious dose D. It is able to inactivate some portions of the human immune systemQuestion 78 Killed vaccines work by stimulating: Question 78 options: a) An antibody response b) Lymphocyte proliferation c) Cytotoxic T-cells d) Phagocytic activityQuestion:- Friend #1 was unfortunately stabbed with a scalpel by a stressed out fellow gross anatomy student in the neck (but lived!). Friend #2 underwent surgery to remove some lymph nodes in the cervical region VERY infected with an atypical Mycobacterium. Friend #2 wants to understand the mechanistic reason why his scar is so much worse than Friend #1's scar. Explain the difference to him. Do you think the scar would look better (i.e. the wound heal "better") if friend #2 underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy? Justify your answer.
- question: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :) Article: Nanomaterial-Based Vaccine Development and Immunomodulation Following the publication of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 on January 11, 2020, intense research efforts have been devoted to developing a vaccine against COVID-19. With unprecedented speed, this extraordinary scientific mobilization led the first vaccine candidate to enter the Phase I human clinical trial on March 16, 2020, and other novel candidates are rapidly following. Up to May 22, 2020, there are 10 COVID-19 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluations and 114 in preclinical development. Concerning vaccine and immunization research, nanomaterials can assist in multiple ways to boost the…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially destroys CD4+ cells. Specifically, what effect does this have on antibody and cell-mediated immunity? Please simple and original response. Thank you (:Which ethical issue is solved by induced pluripotent stem cells? Mention one advantage of using these cells in therapy from the viewpoint of immunology. * Your answer
- Can you explain how chemotaxis proteins work and the process that takes place with them? Thank YouQUESTION 5 What do allergies to bee stings, transfusion reactions to improperly matched blood, and poison ivy reactions all have in common? harmful Ab responses involve degranulation of mast cells and basophiles involve immunodeficiencies involve T cells mediating a harmful response exaggerated and inappropriate immune responsesquestion: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :) Article: Can Nanotechnology Help to Control the Cytokine Storm? One of the main features of COVID-19 is the triggering of a cytokine storm in the body, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which results from an excessive immune response and leads to the severe deterioration of patient health. This inflammatory storm is one of the major causes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that is often associated with multiple-organ failure, representing the leading causes of death in critical patients. In particular, the role of interleukin (IL)-6 has been highlighted in patients requiring assisted ventilation. Ongoing clinical trials are testing drugs that…