Describe the components of the innate immune response.  Describe the sequence of events when a foreign virus invades and the innate immune response is triggered.  What symptoms might the innate immune response trigger in an infected person?

Q: Define the innate immune system.

A: Immune system is the system in the body that act to stop the entry of harmful microbes and if they…

Q: Describe how the complement system works, and list 3 effects that complement activation has.

A: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by…

Q: Explain how certain pathogens can evade the immune response.?

A: An immune response refers to the reaction of the immune system against the entry of a pathogen. The…

Q: Explain why a scraped knee increases the chance that pathogens willtrigger an adaptive immune…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: Describe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity do…

A: Memory cells are responsible for the adaptive immune system.  Memory T cells: At resting state, it…

Q: Explain the type, order of appearance, and amount of immunoglobulin in each response and what causes…

A: Antibodies are soluble glycoproteins composed of a pair of identical polypeptide light chain and…

Q: Describe the function of B Cells in Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune Response.

A: Immunity is defined as a complex biological mechanism that can recognize and accept what belongs to…

Q: Discuss the key components that make up the innate immune system, and describe how the major…

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: What is innate immunity? Also explain its four types of barriers.

A: The immune system protects the body against pathogens and cancer cells. Immunity can be divided into…

Q: List the sequence of events in an inflammatory response and describe each step.

A: Inflammatory responses can be defined as a complex sequence of events induced by tissue damage by…

Q: Describe the five steps of the cellular immune response.

A: A cellular immune response also called the cell-mediated immune response, T cell plays a central…

Q: When is antigen processing an essential prerequisite for an immune response?

A: Antigen processing,  is an immunological process that prepares antigens to be identified by special…

Q: Diagram the sequence of events in an antibody-mediated response, including the role of helper T…

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: In a table, illustrate the differences between natural, artificial, active and passive immunity with…

A: Immunity is a phenomenon build up inside the body of organism in order to cope up with different…

Q: decrease in the number of cytotoxic T cells would affect which type of immunity?

A: Immunity is the ability of multicellular organisms to outlast foreign microbes that are harmful to…

Q: Contrast the major targets of antibody-mediated responses

A: Humans a well-developed immune system to fight infections. The immunity possessed by humans can be…

Q: Describe the Function of type I interferon in preventing viral replication?

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: Describe the role of complement in innate immunity

A: Any abnormal condition that hinders normal body functioning is considered a disease. Pathogen attack…

Q: explan the activation of specific immunity

A: Specific immunity is an adaptive or acquired immunity which involves white blood cells activation (B…

Q: Outline the sequence of events in a humoral immune response, from the introduction of antigen to the…

A: Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of…

Q: Name the major components of the innate immune response and describe how each of them combats…

A: Innate immunity is present since birth. Innate immunity is non-specific and lacks memory.

Q: Describe several reasons why phagocytes are not alwayseffective at removing pathogens from the body

A: Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and…

Q: Why always decline or elevation of immune cells can not be considered as a sign of disease?

A: Antigens cause the immune system to produce cells that target the pathogen directly or special…

Q: Adaptive immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which interact but also…

A: The white blood cells (WBC) in our body are responsible for giving immunological protection.…

Q: What is the role of histamine in inflammatory response? Name few drugs which reduce the symptoms of…

A: Allergy is referred to as the hypersensitiveness of a person to some foreign substance when coming…

Q: Name several cytokines and describe their role in the immune response.

A: Cytokines are specific proteins secreted by the cells of immune system. They are mostly  secreted by…

Q: Contrast cell – mediated immunity with antibody – mediated immunity. Make sure to note: which cells…

A: Immunity is defined as the power of an organism to protect itself from a foreign pathogen or an…

Q: Describe neutrophils and NK cells, giving one example of how each cell type destroys pathogens that…

A: Innate immunity is the type of immunity that activates immediately when antigens enter the body.…

Q: What class of immune cells are important in negatively regulating immune function?

A: T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells) play an important role in eliminating pathogens from the…

Q: List and explain briefly three characteristics of the innate immune system

A: The natural reaction happens similarly and similarly paying little mind to how often a microbe is…

Q: Describe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity do…

A: Immunity is the defence  system of the body against pathogens and foreign chemicals . It can be…

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.  Which of the following examples below…

A: An autoimmune disease is a condition in which your immune system erroneously attacks your body. The…

Q: Explain why the type of innate immune response used by the host during an infection is dependent…

A: The ability of an organism to fight against any foreign organism that may try to invade its body, is…

Q: Which type of immunity is triggered by vaccination?

A: Active immunity is immunity to a pathogen that develops after exposure to the pathogen. When the…

Q: How are memory B cells important as it relates to the long term immune response?

A: Immune system protect our body from various pathogen there are cell-mediated and humoral…

Q: Why are innate immunity and inflammation described as “nonspecific”?

A: Introduction :- Barriers that prevent hazardous substances from entering your body are a part of…

Q: In general, what are consequences of activation of the TH1 arm of the immune response? Activation of…

A: Cell mediated immunity and allergic responses are biological effects that are mediated by cytokines.…

Q: Describe in detailed information In text What specific defence mechanism and the third line of…

A: The immune system functions to protect the human body from harmful microbial pathogens as well as…

Q: *Innate immunity includes all the following except Group of answer choices interferon phagocytosis…

A: There are two types of immunity 1.innate 2.humoral

Q: Describe the normal immune response.

A: Human body have their own system to protect themselves from harmful bacteria, Viruses which are…

Q: n a table, illustrate the differences between natural, artificial, active and passive immunity with…

A: Microorganisms are always surrounding humans, looking for an opportunistic host. These viruses have…

Q: Innate immunity involves all of the following except: Inflammation Antibodies Phagocytosis Fever

A: Innate immunity is non specific type of defence that is present at the time of birth. This is…

Q: . Inflammation is the hallmark of an active immune response.Explain how inflammation is triggered by…

A: Inflammation is important for immune system response during infection and wound. It is the way the…

Q: Describe when inflammation is good and when it is bad. What are the five hallmarks of inflammation?…

A: Introduction Inflammation:- It is a process When your body encounters an offending agent (like…

Q: Describe the origin of interferon, and explain its role in controllingviruses and other immune…

A: Interferons are a group of cytokine which are being by cells in response to viruses. It helps the…

Q: Give two examples of external innate immunity in humans.

A: Innate immune system also known as nonspecific immune system is made up of barriers which are  known…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.