6. In class, we discussed the methods used by cells to maintain constant fluidity at cold and hot temperatures. Below is data on the % of fatty acid tails of phospholipids that are saturated and unsaturated for 4 different organisms that each had a different body temperature. Based on the data shown, fill in the chart to indicate which organisms had each of the following body temperatures: 0, 5, 25, and 37. All temperatures are measured in Celsius. Species Goldfish Goldfish Rat Narwhal Body Temperature % Saturated 38.55 42.36 56.39 36.85 % Unsaturated 58.50 51.85 46.30 62.14

6. In class, we discussed the methods used by cells to maintain constant fluidity at cold and hot temperatures. Below is data on the % of fatty acid tails of phospholipids that are saturated and unsaturated for 4 different organisms that each had a different body temperature. Based on the data shown, fill in the chart to indicate which organisms had each of the following body temperatures: 0, 5, 25, and 37. All temperatures are measured in Celsius. Species Goldfish Goldfish Rat Narwhal Body Temperature % Saturated 38.55 42.36 56.39 36.85 % Unsaturated 58.50 51.85 46.30 62.14

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter4: Cells

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK: Which of the following statements about proteins is correct? a. Proteins are transported to the...

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1. Why should the potassium salts of fatty acids yield soft soaps?
Which of the following statements about proteins is correct? a. Proteins are transported to the rough ER for use within the cell. b. Lipids and carbohydrates are added to proteins by the Golgi complex. c. Proteins are transported directly into the cytosol for secretion from the cell. d. Proteins that are to be stored by the cell are moved to the rough ER. e. Proteins are synthesized in vesicles.
4. In the center box below, draw any generic cell membrane with at least 6 phospholipids in a neutral temperature environment 5. Now imagine that a cell with that membrane is exposed to a much hotter environment, but the composition of its membrane remains the same. In the box on the right, label if the membrane will be more fluid or more rigid in the hot environment compared to the neutral environment. 6. Starting again with a cell with the membrane in the neutral environment in the center, imagine that cell is exposed to a much colder environment, but the composition of its membrane remains the same. In the box to the left, label if the membrane will be more fluid or more rigid in the cold environment compared to the neutral environment. 6. Cold environment 4. Neutral environment 5. Hot environment More Fluid or Rigid (circle one) More Fluid or Rigid (circle one)
1. Draw the structure of phosphatidic acid. Circle the polar parts of the molecule and box the non-polar parts of the molecule. 2.Based on the structure why would this molecule be a major building block for glycerophospholipids that make up the cell membrane? In your answer include which part of the molecule would be inside the membrane and which one out and why. 3. What specific “effect”would drive your answer to 2?
4. The diagram below illustrates a red blood cell in three different solutions. Identify eachsolution as being hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic.
1) Placing phospholipids in water will spontaneously form a spherical structure called a:Group of answer choices lumen ball sphingoid cytoskeleton liposome 2) Saturated fatty acidsGroup of answer choices Have each carbon "saturated" with hydrogen Have each carbon "saturated" with other carbons Have each carbon "saturated" with hydrogen and are solids at room temperature Are solids at room temperature Contain double bonds 3) In intestinal epithelia, glucose can be taken into cells against its concentration gradient. How can glucose be transported against its concentration gradient without the direct expenditure of ATP in intestinal epithelial cells?Group of answer choices It uses simple diffusion It uses the Glut1 transporter It uses the Glucose ATPase It uses the Glucose/Na+ symporter None of the above. Due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, molecules cannot be moved against their concentration gradient.
1. It can separate large colloidal particles from small solute particles of a solution. a. Dialysis b. Facilitated diffusion c. Osmosis d. Diffusion 2. What force of interaction was cleaved in the addition of a reducing agent to the protein sample? a. Disulfide bonds b. hydrogen bond c. hydrophobic interactions d. ionic bond 3. The substance in the vinegar that dissolved the egg shell. a. calcium acetate b. calcium carbonate c. water d. acetic acid 4. As enzyme concentration increases, enzymatic activity increases provided the substrate concentration is constant. True or False 5. Diffusion is the separation of smaller molecules from larger molecules using a semi-permeable membrane. True or False
1. What are the forces that maintain structural integrity of biological membranes and explain how each force mentioned is formed in membrane lipids.
1. Why is oil liquid at room temperature, while butter is solid? 2. Which of the following lipid sample is soluble or miscible in water? Explain. a. Oil b. Butter 3. Which lipid sample mentioned in number 2 is soluble or miscible in 70% ethanol? Explain. Do you think the solubility of the lipid samples will change if 100% ethanol is used instead?
2 If a protein is predominantly made up of aliphatic and aromatic amino acids, which of the following is most likely true about such protein? Select the correct responses): a. It is a protein with a net negative charge b. It is most probably a structural protein. c. It is a protein that is cationic in nature. d. It is a protein that is hydrophobic in nature. e. It is most probably a catalytic protein. f. It is a water-solube protein. g. It is most probably a carrier protein.
1. Which sugar is a monosaccharide? a. Maltose b. Glucose c. Sucrose d. Lactose 2. What does the fluid part of the fluid mosaic model represent? a. Constant movement of the hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane b. The thin layer of water that is sandwitched between the to layers of lipids c. Lipid molecules, which freely move among other lipids within the same half of the bilayer d. Free movement of cholesterol molecules within the membrane
3. Why do we need to study the four levels of protein structure? Cite its practical use to our day-to-day life.