6. In the human population, babies born with albinism occur at a rate of 1 in 20,000 births. The relative fitness of albinism is 0.9 a. What would the mutation rate have to be to keep this allele within the population? b. If the actual mutation rate was 10-8, would this be a sufficient rate of mutation to explain the level at which this allele is found within the population? If not provide a potential explanation for its existence.

6. In the human population, babies born with albinism occur at a rate of 1 in 20,000 births. The relative fitness of albinism is 0.9 a. What would the mutation rate have to be to keep this allele within the population? b. If the actual mutation rate was 10-8, would this be a sufficient rate of mutation to explain the level at which this allele is found within the population? If not provide a potential explanation for its existence.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter21: Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK: The reason spontaneous mutations do not have an immediate effect on allele frequencies in a large...

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The reason spontaneous mutations do not have an immediate effect on allele frequencies in a large population is that: a. mutations are random events, and mutations may be eitherbeneficial or harmful. b. mutations usually occur in males and have little effect oneggs. c. many mutations exert their effects after an organism hasstopped reproducing. d. mutations are so rare that mutated alleles are greatlyoutnumbered by nonmutated alleles. e. most mutations do not change the amino acid sequence of aprotein.
4. Why is the Hardy Weinberg law of equilibrium important to a study of evolutionary processes? a. it tells us how heavy are mammals and if they may have lived in cold enviroments in the past. b. It shows us to measure change in gene frequency in population to see if selection pressures are affecting gene expression. c.It allows us to study how eplgenetics affects specific traits d. It allow us to measure the age of fossils and date the origin of a species
5. The branch of genetics that studies the genetic variation within and between local populations of a species is called A Population genetics B. Molecular genetics C Classical genetics D. Cytogenetics
1. Why do you think it is necessary for there to be variation in a population in order for evolution by natural selection to occur? 2. Why is it necessary for traits to be inherited for evolution to take place? 3. If a population is already well adapted to its environment, will most mutations be helpful or harmful? Explain.
17. Which of the following statements best explains the Theory of Natural Selection? * a. Organs that are not used may disappear, while organs that are constantly used may develop b. In nature, the organism with desirable characteristics may survive, while those weaker traits may not c. Organisms develop desirable structures to survive in a given environment d. Acquired characteristics of parents can be passed on to offspring 18. Larry Daley is a paleontologist found out some Central American Acacia species that have hollow thorns and pores at the bases of their leaves that secrete nectar. He used the species to understand the history and origin of the place. From the given situation, the Central American Acacia species is an example of _____________. * a. evolution b. fossil c. mutation d. coevolution
1. What is the expected time to fixation in generations for a new mutation in a diploid population (like humans) with an effective population size of 50? This new mutation is neutral and has no impact on fitness (e.g. synonymous polymorphism). Assuming the mutation isn’t lost immediately, will it reach fixation faster in a population of Ne=500 or Ne=5,000 and why?
1. What is the function of melanin in humans? What is the function of melanin in other species? 2. According to the film, why is there a lack of diversity in the MC1R allele among African populations? 3. According to the film, why was dark skin selected for regions close to the equator? 4. Describe the selective pressure favoring light skin in regions far from the equator. 5. Which human populations living in which environments are most at risk for rickets today and why?
1. Besides a mutation for red color, what other mutation occurred in the lizard population? 2. How does color affect the fitness of the lizards? 3. What is your prediction of how the lizard population will look like by generation 50? Explain
6. In what ways do you think increasing diversity in genetic studies can improve healthcare outcomes for all populations, and how can we measure the impact of that diversity?
1.) Natural Selection: Of the three genotypes (AA, Aa, and aa), which of the three genotypes will be selected for under the current conditions? In other words, which of the three genotypes will increase in frequency? What if medical science were able to hold off the effects of AIDS for indefinite periods of time so that it became common for people with AIDS to live long enough and well enough to have children. What would this do to the frequency of the resistance allele and the incidence of AIDS? Support your answer. 2.) Even though anti-HIV drugs may prevent evolution towards resistance, can you justify not using anti-HIV drugs if they are available? Your response should consider scientific and ethical perspectives.
1. Early hunter-gatherers were interbreeding with colonists who brought agriculture from the Middle East. Did genetic adaptations of agriculturalists, such as the ability to digest milk as an adult, might have undergone genetic recombination with genetic adaptations of hunter-gatherers to potentially create a better adapted population in terms of survival and reproductive success? Why or why not?
1. A sample of 600 individuals from a population is examined for the presence of the HindIII polymorphism in an autsomal Sca gene. There are two alleles of Sca gene, A and a. The results are 14 individuals are AA, 212 are Aa, 374 are aa. Please answer the following questions accordingly? How many alleles are present in the gene pool in the sample population fort he Sca gene? What are the genotype frequencies? What are the frequencies of A and a alleles? What are the expected numbers of the three genotypes, assuming random