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- A study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these subjects by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties: Elite Non-elite Did not play Arthritis 10 9 24 No arthritis 61 206 548 Based on this study, you can conclude thatIn a small study, a local community college investigated different indicators of college success. They found that: 0.36 of enrolled students had a full time job, 0.75 of enrolled students were enrolled full-time, and 0.19 of students enrolled full-tme also had a full-time job. According to the results of this study, are the outcomes "have a full-time job" and "enrolled full-time independent?A researcher notes that there seems to be a difference in the prevalence of individuals who are medication adherent and have high levels of education along with a high health literacy and the prevalence of individuals who are not medication adherent and have low levels of education along with a low health literacy. Use the appropriate hypothesis to determine if education level and health literacy status are related (independent) at the 5%. Low Level of Education Low Medication Adherence High Medication Adherence Total Low Health Literacy 91 9 100 High Health Literacy 9 291 300 Total 100 300 400 High Level of Education Low Medication Adherence High Medication Adherence Total Low Health Literacy 96 4 100 High Health Literacy 4 296 300 Total 100 300 400
- Do well-rounded people get fewer colds? A study on the Chronicle of Higher Education was conducted by scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia. They found that people who have only a few social outlets get more colds than those who are involved in a variety of social activities. Suppose that of the 276 healthy men and women tested, n1=96 had only a few social outlets and n2=105 were busy with six or more activities. When these people were exposed to a cold virus, the following results were observed: Construct a 99% confidence interval for the difference in the two population proportions.A sociologist wants to investigate the question, "Is there a relationship between texting during class and grade-point-average (GPA) among high school seniors in a large district?" Which study design is most appropriate? Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester, obtain each student’s GPA from the appropriate admissions and records office. Compare the GPA of students who routinely text during class to the GPA of students who do not text during class. Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester,…A sample of 250 high school students were asked, “If you had $1000 to contribute to one kind of charitableorganization, which type of organization would you choose? Here is a two-way table that displays data ongender and response to this question. Which of the following conclusions seems to be supported by the data?(a) Most of the females who chose a health organization would have chosen an environmental organizationas their second choice, had they been asked.(b) There is no association between gender and choice of organization.(c) The proportion of males who said they would contribute to an environmental organization is higher thanthe proportion of females who said they would contribute such an organization.(d) None of the students surveyed said they would contribute to religious organizations.(e) The marginal relative frequencies of organization are 140, 110.
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