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- In the interface between sediment and water around a deep lake bottom, dissolved oxygen (DO) is usually low. Under such a condition, iron and sulfur typically exist in their reduction forms (i.e. Fe2+ and S2-). Fe2+ and S2- can readily react with each other to produce ferrous sulfide (FeS), which is a black solid substance and finally settles down into the sediments at the lake bottom. The solubility product constant (i.e. equilibrium constant) of FeS is 8 x 10-9. At a chemical equilibrium state, what is the concentration of S2- in the water nearby the sediments if Fe2+ concentration in water is 10 - 4 M.1.1The Ksp of Ca3 (PO4 ) 2 is 1.3 × 10−26 . Estimate the solubility of this salt in units of g. L −1 . You must show any reaction equation(s) that you may think are necessary. 1.2 If a sample of solid Ca3(PO4)2 is stirred into exactly one litre of a 0.550M solution of Na3PO4, how will the solubility of the salt compare with the answer that you have obtained in question 1.1? Explain you answer in a short sentence.Some sulfuric acid is spilled on a lab bench. You can neutralizethe acid by sprinkling sodium bicarbonate on it and thenmopping up the resulting solution. The sodium bicarbonatereacts with sulfuric acid according to:2 NaHCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)----->Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)+ 2 CO2(g)Sodium bicarbonate is added until the fizzing due to the formationof CO2(g) stops. If 27 mL of 6.0 M H2SO4 was spilled,what is the minimum mass of NaHCO3 that must be addedto the spill to neutralize the acid?
- 25 mL of a saturated solution of K2Cr2O7 was cooled from 90oC to 50oC, how many moles solid will precipitate from solution?(A) A student tries to dissolve 50g of KNO3 in 50 g of water at 20oC. What mass of precipitate will form? (B) 25 mL of a saturated solution of K2Cr2O7 was cooled from 90oC to 50oC, how many moles solid will precipitate from solution?Calcium carbonate (e.g. from limestone) is relatively insoluble in water, and the solubilitydecreases with rising temperature. This is why CaCO3 precipitates out as ‘scale’ in hot watermore readily than cold water. At a temperature of 20oC , calcium carbonate pKs = 8 . 8; at35oC , pKs = 9 . 25. If you had water that was at equilibrium with excess calcium carbonate at20oC and then raised the temperature to 35oC , what is the mass of CaCO3 that will precipitateout per litre of water? Hint: the difference in solubility will drive the reaction back to solid. CaCO3 <-> Ca2+ + CO32-
- Calculate the solubility at 25°C of CuBr in pure water and in a 0.0100M CoBr2 solution. You'll find Ksp data in the ALEKS Data tab. Round both of your answers to 2 significant digits. solubility in pure water: gL solubility in 0.0100 M CoBr2solution: gL(a) I f t he molar solubilit y o f CaF2 at 35 °C i s1.24 x 10-3 mol/L, what is Ksp at this temperature? (b) It isfound that 1.1 x 10-2 g SrF2 dissolves per 100 mL of aqueoussolution at 25 °C. Calculate the solubility product forSrF2. (c) The Ksp of Ba(IO3)2 at 25 °C is 6.0 x 10-10. What isthe molar solubility of Ba(IO3)2?Calcium carbonate (e.g. from limestone) is relatively insoluble in water, and the solubilitydecreases with rising temperature. This is why CaCO3 precipitates out as ‘scale’ in hot water more readily than cold water. At a temperature of 20oC, calcium carbonate pKs= 8.8; at 35oC, pKs= 9.25. If you had water that was at equilibrium with excess calcium carbonate at 20oC and then raised the temperature to 35oC, what is the mass of CaCO3 that will precipitate out per litre of water? Hint: the difference in solubility will drive the reaction back to solid. CaCO3(s)↔Ca2++CO2−
- TypeFormulaKsp Solubility Product Constants (Ksp at 25 oC) TypeFormulaKspBromidesPbBr26.3 × 10-6AgBr3.3 × 10-13CarbonatesBaCO38.1 × 10-9CaCO33.8 × 10-9CoCO38.0 × 10-13CuCO32.5 × 10-10FeCO33.5 × 10-11PbCO31.5 × 10-13MgCO34.0 × 10-5MnCO31.8 × 10-11NiCO36.6 × 10-9Ag2CO38.1 × 10-12ZnCO31.5 × 10-11ChloridesPbCl21.7 × 10-5AgCl1.8 × 10-10ChromatesBaCrO42.0 × 10-10CaCrO47.1 × 10-4PbCrO41.8 × 10-14Ag2CrO49.0 × 10-12CyanidesNi(CN)23.0 × 10-23AgCN1.2 × 10-16Zn(CN)28.0 × 10-12FluoridesBaF21.7 × 10-6CaF23.9 × 10-11PbF23.7 × 10-8MgF26.4 × 10-9HydroxidesAgOH2.0 × 10-8Al(OH)31.9 × 10-33Ca(OH)27.9 × 10-6Cr(OH)36.7 × 10-31Co(OH)22.5 × 10-16Cu(OH)21.6 × 10-19Fe(OH)27.9 × 10-15Fe(OH)36.3 × 10-38Pb(OH)22.8 × 10-16Mg(OH)21.5 × 10-11Mn(OH)24.6 × 10-14Ni(OH)22.8 × 10-16Zn(OH)24.5 × 10-17IodidesPbI28.7 × 10-9AgI1.5 × 10-16OxalatesBaC2O41.1 × 10-7CaC2O42.3 × 10-9MgC2O48.6 × 10-5PhosphatesAlPO41.3 × 10-20Ba3(PO4)21.3 × 10-29Ca3(PO4)21.0 × 10-25CrPO42.4 × 10-23Pb3(PO4)23.0 × 10-44Ag3PO41.3 × 10-20Zn3(PO4)29.1 ×…One mixes aqueous NaCl with aqueous AgNO3. NaCl. AgNO3and NaNO3all have appreciable solubility in water. AgCl has a solubility product constant Ksp of 1.6 x 10-10. If one mixes the NaCl solution with the AgNO3solution, one would suspect: a) no precipitate will form b) AgCl precipitate will form c) NaNO3 precipitate will form d) both AgCl and NaNO3 precipitates will formA mixture consiting of 1.000 mol H2O(g) and 1.000 mol CO(g) is placed ina reaction vessel of volume 10.00 L at 800. K. At equilibrium, 0.665 mol CO2(g) is present as a result of the reaction CO (g) + H2O (g)⇋ CO2(g)+H2(g). What are the equilibrium concentrations for all substances?