A 54-year-old man presents with loss of sympathetic innervation to the left side of his head, characteristic of Horner syndrome. An MRI revealed a left-sided pulmonary sulcus tumor with a location approximated by the black dot to which the arrow is pointing in the given photo. What structure is most likely compromised by the tumor? (A) Cervical anterior roots (B) Thoracic posterior primary rami (C) Thoracic posterior roots (D) Thoracic anterior roots (E) Thoracic gray rami communicantes

A 54-year-old man presents with loss of sympathetic innervation to the left side of his head, characteristic of Horner syndrome. An MRI revealed a left-sided pulmonary sulcus tumor with a location approximated by the black dot to which the arrow is pointing in the given photo. What structure is most likely compromised by the tumor? (A) Cervical anterior roots (B) Thoracic posterior primary rami (C) Thoracic posterior roots (D) Thoracic anterior roots (E) Thoracic gray rami communicantes

Fundamentals of Sectional Anatomy: An Imaging Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781133960867

Author:Denise L. Lazo

Publisher:Denise L. Lazo

Chapter2: Head

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 30RQ

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a. Explain why the circle of Willis is important inthe cerebral circulation.b. Predict the effects of obstruction of the leftmiddle cerebral artery.c. Explain why a constant supply of oxygen andglucose to the brain is necessary.
Why is the sympathetic division called the thoracolumbardivision even though its ganglia extend from the cervical regionto the sacral region?
Mr. Wilson, age 85, lives in a care facility, where he is not very mobileand is often lethargic. One day an aide noticed that he was sitting inhis usual chair but appeared to be unconscious. She took his pulse,which was 140 beats/minute and then took his blood pressure, whichwas 190/130. Which of the following conditions is (are) consistent withthese observations?a. strokeb. activation of the CNS ischemic responsec. heart attackd. shocke. Both a and b are correct.
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Explain how decompensation develops and its effects onthe central nervous system.
What effect would loss of sympathetic stimulation have on the flow of air into the lungs?
A 75-year-old man was found unconscious in his bathroom after fallingand hitting his head. He survived for several hours but died later in thehospital. An autopsy was performed to determine the exact cause ofdeath. Evidence indicated that the man had suffered two strokes, bothdue to blocked blood vessels. One had occurred a few weeks earlier;the other had occurred very recently and may have led to the fall.Autopsy findings also indicated that, when the man hit his head, somedamage to his brain occurred as well. Based on what you know aboutinflammation and the cellular structure of the brain, describe what thepathologist found in each of the damaged areas of the brain.
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Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/bloodflow1) to see how blood flows to the brain and passesthrough the circle ofWillis before being distributed through the cerebrum. The circle of Willis is a specializedarrangement of arteries that ensure constant perfusion ofthe cerebrum even in the event of a blockage of one ofthe arteries in the circle. The animation shows the normaldirection of flow through the circle of Willis to the middlecerebral artery. Where would the blood come from if therewere a blockage just posterior to the middle cerebral arteryon the left?
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What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on stroke volume if thevenous return remains constant? Dilation of the coronary blood vesselsoccurs in response to an increased heart rate and stroke volume. Explainthe functional advantage of that effect.