(a) All of the IPv4 addresses in the three prefixes, 192.24.0.0/21 192.24.16.0/20 and 192.24.8.0/22, should be sent to the Dublin router from New York in Fig. 4. The routing process in Dublin performs aggregation. (i) Give the network prefixes in the New York router when aggregation has been performed. (ii) Explain how the Longest Prefix Match algorithm is used to deliver packets in this scenario. 192.24.0.0/21 New York Dublin 192.24.16.0/20 192.24.8.0/22
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- 3.5-3 TCP sequence numbers and ACKs (1). Consider the TCP Telnet scenario below (from Fig. 3.31 in text). Why is it that the receiver sends and ACK that is one larger than the sequence number in the received datagram?Computer A is sending a 100 kByte long file to Computer B via packet-switching over two consecutive 10 Mbps links of 1000 km length each.Assume that the signal propagation speed on both links is 2.5 x 108 m/s.Furthermore, assume that the maximum length of a packet is 1500 bytes and that Computer A fills each packet to the max, if possible. If transmission starts at time t=0, at which time (in seconds) does the first bit arrive at the switch connecting link 1 and link 2?Computer A is sending a 10 MByte long file to Computer B via packet-switching over two consecutive 100 Mbps links of 2000 km length each.Assume that the signal propagation speed on both links is 2 x 108 m/s.Furthermore, assume that the maximum length of a packet is 1480 bytes and that Computer A fills each packet to the max, if possible. If transmission starts at time t=0, at which time (in seconds) does the first bit arrive at the switch connecting link 1 and link 2? (What is the propagation delay for link 1?)
- A router with IP address 125.45.23.12 and Ethernet physical address 23:45:AB:4F:67:CD has received a packet for a host destination with IP address 125.11.78.10 and Ethernet phys-ical address AA:BB:A2:4F:67:CD. (I) Show the entries (a, b, c, d, e in Figure 1(a)) in the ARP request packet sent by therouter. Assume no subnetting. (II) The packet made in part (I) is encapsulated in a data link frame. Fill in the fields fand g in Figure 1(a). (III) Show the entries (h, i, j, k, l in Figure 1(b)) in the ARP reply packet sent in responseto part (I). (IV) The packet in part (III) is encapsulated in a data link frame. Fill in the fields m andn.3.5-4 TCP sequence numbers and ACKs (2). Suppose that as shown in the figure below, a TCP sender is sending segments with 100 bytes of payload. The TCP sender sends five segments with sequence numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. Suppose that the segment with sequence number 300 is lost. The TCP receiver will buffer correctly-received but not-yet-in-order segments for later delivery to the application layer (once missing segments are later received).P27. Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number? If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number? If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number? Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B.…
- Section B (Design Works)Below is a nested MPLS network by MTN. With the assumption that Customer 6 (C6) is connected to Router 6 (R6), execute a Dijkstra Algorithm on a Link State routing to determine the shortest path for Customer 6 to transmit packets to every other Customer/Destination connected to the rest of the Routers on the network.a. Tabulate the executed iteration for the Dijkstra Algorithm using the table below.Iteration0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Nodes[6][6,3][6,3,2] [6,3,2,1] [6,3,2,1,4] [6,3,2,1,4,5] [6,3,2,1,4,5,7] [6,3,2,1,4,5,7,8] [6,3,2,1,4,5,7,8,9] [6,3,2,1,4,5,7,8,9,10]R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R7 R8 R9 R10–...2/3 b. Build/Sketch the new Dijkstra Shortest Path Tree.c. Tabulate a Distance Vector Routing Table with the following headings; Destination, Route, Least Cost and Next Hop using the table below.DestinationCustomer 1 Customer 2 Customer 3 Customer 4 Customer 5 Customer 7 Customer 8 Customer 9 Customer 10RouteLeast CostNext Hop–...3/3Computer A is sending a 100 kByte long file to Computer B via packet-switching over two consecutive 10 Mbps links of 1000 km length each.Assume that the signal propagation speed on both links is 2.5 x 108 m/s.Furthermore, assume that the maximum length of a packet is 1500 bytes and that Computer A fills each packet to the max, if possible. How "long" (in meters) is one bit on link 1?Computer A is sending a 10 MByte long file to Computer B via packet-switching over two consecutive 100 Mbps links of 2000 km length each.Assume that the signal propagation speed on both links is 2 x 108 m/s.Furthermore, assume that the maximum length of a packet is 1480 bytes and that Computer A fills each packet to the max, if possible. How many bytes will be contained in the last packet?
- 22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? (c) hops required per received packet?22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? c. (c) hops required per received packet?55. The problem with unicast delivery is that the : a. memory allocation is difficult b. server must establish a seperate unicast session for each client c. the routers must support unicasting d. the clients must be close to the server