a) Assume, paging has been used as memory management technique and the page table is stored in memory which takes 150 nanoseconds. In addition, the associative memory is also used which takes 50 nanoseconds. What is the effective memory reference time, If 50% of all page-table references are found in the associative memory?
Q: Page tables are used to translate logical memory addresses into physical memory addresses. If the…
A: Lets see the solution in the next steps
Q: Ql/assuming the DS=1983 and SI=2284 , BX=1325, BP=3425 and SS=1839,show the contents of memory…
A: Answer is given below-
Q: Design the memory mapping between the Cache memory of 128MB to the main memory of 4 GB using 16 way…
A: Dear Student, As size of main memory is 4GB = 235 in bits. So, Bits required for memory address =…
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A: A) Total number of cache block = 46 So block offset bits = 6 bits Block size = 128 words =…
Q: Q1: Suppose you have a two-way set associative cache memory that utilizes blocks of two words. While…
A: Given Data : Main memory size = 128K x 32 Cache size = 2048 words
Q: Question 2: Given that the main memory access time is 1200 ns and cache access time is 100 ns. The…
A:
Q: 1- Suppose that the processor has access to 3 levels of memory. Level 1 contains 1000 words and has…
A: L1 Hit rate = 80% L1 miss rate = 20% L2 hit rate = 15% L2 miss rate = 85% L3 hit rate = 5%
Q: Assume the following: • The memory is byte addressable. • Memory accesses are to 1-byte words (not…
A:
Q: 2. Consider 2M x 8 SRAM memory block. (a) How many bits of data can be stored in this memory block?…
A: Disclaimer: “Since you have asked multipart questions, As per our company policy,we will only solve…
Q: Example#20:A computer system has consisting of 16 MB 32-bit words. It also has an 8 KB cache. Assume…
A: Given that, Main memory size= 16 MB Cache size= 8 KB 1 word= 32 bits (a) Block size= 1 word= 32…
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A: Given, Hit ratio = 90 % Then, Hit rate = 0.9 Miss rate = 1 - hit rate = 1 - 0.9 = 0.1 According to…
Q: ) Consider the following memory management allocation scenario at time t:
A: Given data: Processes size[]={500,200,400,350,750} Block Size={450,300,600,550,900} First Fit…
Q: Assume, paging has been used as memory management technique and the page table is stored in memory…
A: Assume, paging has been used as memory management technique and the page table is stored in memory…
Q: For a system, RAM - 64KB, Block size - 4 bytes, Cache size - 128 bytes, Direct mapped cache.…
A: Given: RAM size = 64 KB Block size = 4 bytes Cache size = 128 bytes
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A: The segment address is located within one of the segment registers, defines the beginning address of…
Q: Q3 Consider a swapping system in which main memory contains the following hole sizes in memory…
A: best fit is nothing but which finds the block near to the best actual size needed.
Q: Q1: Suppose you have a two-way set associative cache memory that utilizes blocks of two words. While…
A: The answer is given below...
Q: Q#3 Consider the dynamic memory layout shown below (the shaded blocks are already allocated) ,Draw…
A: First fit;- Allocate the process in the first free large enough partition Best fit;- Allocate the…
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A: a) Address Index Tag Hit/Miss 0x03 3 0 miss 0xb4 4 11 miss 0x2b 11 2 miss 0x02 2 0 miss…
Q: (b) In a two-level cache system, it is known that a program has 1000 instructions with memory…
A: Miss rate of first level cache =number of miss/total reference = 40/1000 = 0.04
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Q: Function NSU-1 For a system, RAM-64KB, Block size-4 bytes, Cache sine- 128 bytes, Direct mapped…
A: RAM -64 KB Block size -4 byte Cache size 128 byte Hit ratio while using direct mapped cache: To…
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A: Note: Since you have posted multiple sub-questions in the same request, we will solve the first…
Q: Problem4: A microcomputer has the following memory map: 4100 to 410F I/O 2100 to 22FF RAM 0000 to…
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Q: Suppose that the processor has access to three levels of cache memory. Level 1 has an access time of…
A: Given : Suppose that the processor has access to three levels of cache memory. Level 1 has an…
Q: .Q\/ '. Assume that DS={ •.•, SS=r.., BX=rl.., SI=\ £^1, DI=\º• •, BP=V^) £, AX=Yolr. All the values…
A: Values are not very clear in the question, hence assuming the values to be: DI=8500, SS=200,…
Q: Data Path Cycles:…
A: Note: As you have asked a multipart question, as per our policy, we will solve the first three…
Q: For a system, assume, RAM= 64KB, block size = 4 bytes, cache size = 64 bytes, 2-way set associative…
A: Given : RAM= 64KB, block size = 4 bytes, cache size = 64 bytes, and the mapping is 2-way set…
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A: Respective clock rates = 1/L1 hit time a) Clock Rate for P1 Processor = 1/ 0.66 = 1.515 GHz b) Clock…
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A: Cache memory: It is a memory which optimized the gap between RAM and CPU means it stores the content…
Q: For a system, RAM - 64KB, Block size - 4 bytes, Cache size - 128 bytes, Direct mapped cache.…
A: Given: RAM size = 64 KB Block size = 4 bytes Cache size = 128 bytes
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A: With the aid of an example and a diagram, show how internal fragmentation happens in fixed memory…
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Q: The following terminology is used when referring to this memory hierarchy: hit- The requested data…
A: Memory Hierarchy:- In computer architecture, the memory hierarchy separates computer storage into a…
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A: For a 8-Way associative cache allows placement in any block of a set with 8 elements• 8 is the…
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A: Note: The answer of the first subpart is given. Please repost the second subpart. a. Given data:…
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Q: Problem 4. There are two levels L1 and L2 of caches. L1 has hit rate 95%, and L2 has hit rate 80%.…
A:
Q: Q1: Suppose you have a two-way set associative cache memory that utilizes blocks of two words. While…
A: Answer of part (A) and part (B) is given below
Q: Assume a swapping system in which memory consists of the following hole sizes in memory and in order…
A: Lets see the detailed answer to this question.
Q: Assume, paging has been used as memory management technique and the page table is stored in memory…
A:
Q: i. Consider the free memory layout shown below (the blocks are ordered from top to bottom). Draw to…
A:
Q: Assume that there are 128 cache memory blocks and 32 words in each block. Also consider main memory…
A: The question is about Caching. Number of cache blocks = 128 blocks Size of each block = 32 Words…
Q: Consider we have two levels of cache, backed by a main memory (RAM). You are given with the…
A: Dear Student, Average Mean Access Time in a multi cache system is given by L1_hit% * AccessTime +…
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- Question 1 Consider the size of main memory as 32 Bytes and the size of cache memory as 8 Bytes. Implement the Set-Associative mapping technique. Do the following: a) Find the number of bits to address 32 bytes in main memory b) Write the formula to map block of main memory to set of cache memory c) Find the block size, line size, set size, tag size d) Draw the figure to show the distribution of main memory in desired blocks containing bytes e) Draw the figure to show the distribution of cache memory in desired lines containing tag numbers, respective blocks, and byte numbers f) Show the tag allocation for each set (and line) of cache memoryAssume in a Virtual Memory system, a program needs 10 pages with page numbers 0 to 9 and each page is 4 words and the program is allocated 3 page frames: a, b, and c. The word trace for 26 memory accesses by the program are listed below. Use a table to compare the three replacement policies: LRU, OPTimal, and FIFO, by calculating and comparing the hit rate of each policy for these 26 memory accesses.Consider we have two levels of cache, backed by a main memory (RAM). You are given with the following information about the access time for different level in the memory hierarchy L1 cache costs 1 cycle to access and has a miss rate of 8% L2 cache costs additional 5 cycles to access and has a miss rate of 4% RAM costs additional 40 cycles to access (and has a miss rate of 0%) What is the average memory access time (AMAT)?
- Consider a two-level memory system (i.e., cache and main memory). Assume the cache access time is 3 clock cycles, and the hit rate is 95%. What should be the main memory access time (penalty) to ensure the memory access efficiency stays at 0.90?For a system, RAM = 64KB, Block size = 4 bytes, Cache size = 128 bytes, Direct mapped cache.Calculate the Hit ratio while CPU runs program “Test_Cache”. Also count how many blocks arereplaced in cache memory assuming the cache is empty at the beginning.For the same RAM, block size and Cache memory, what would be the Hit ration in case of FullyAssociative Mapping?For the same RAM, block size and Cache memory, what would be the Hit ration in case of 4-way SetAssociative Mapping?Main Program—“Test_Cache”Create a memory mapping from the cache memory of 512 MB to the main memory of 4 GB using the four-way set associative approach with a block size of 1 MB. Consider that each memory location may be accessed using a byte address.
- CA_10 Let the virtual address be V bits and the virtual addtess space be byte-addressable, the page size be P KB (and P is a power of 2), and the the main memory size be MM MB(where [MM MB]) is divide into [P KB]). (d)How many of the virtual memory bits need to be translated? (e) How many bits will be produced if the virtual-to-pyysical address translation is "successful" (f) How many bits does a physical address have, and how are each of these bits obtained?Q3 If a microprocessor has L1 and L2 caches. The access time for L1 cache is τ. The miss penalties for transferring a block of memory from L2 to L1 is 10τ and it takes 120τ for transferring a block from memory to L2. The hit rates are the same for instructions and data and that the hit rates in the L1 and L2 caches are 0.90 and 0.85, repectively. I. Determine the fraction of accesses miss in both the L1 and L2 caches, thus requiring access to the main memory? II. What is the average access time as seen by the processor? Q4 Determine the number of bytes included in the address ranging from 123000H to 0C37000H, you must present the answers using units of Mbytes, Kbytes and bytes. Q5 If the size of a program is 424892 Bytes and its starting address is 000000H, determine the ending address of the program.(Practice) Although the total number of bytes varies from computer to computer, memory sizes of millions and billions of bytes are common. In computer language, the letter M representsthe number 1,048,576, which is 2 raised to the 20th power, and G represents 1,073,741,824, which is 2 raised to the 30th power. Therefore, a memory size of 4 MB is really 4 times 1,048,576 (4,194,304 bytes), and a memory size of 2 GB is really 2 times 1,073,741,824 (2,147,483,648 bytes). Using this information, calculate the actual number of bytes in the following: a. A memory containing 512 MB b. A memory consisting of 512 MB words, where each word consists of 2 bytes c. A memory consisting of 512 MB words, where each word consists of 4 bytes d. A thumb drive that specifies 2 GB e. A disk that specifies 4 GB f. A disk that specifies 8 GB
- NO PLAGARISM Assume that a main memory with only 4 frames each of 16 bytes is initially empty. The CPU generates the following sequence of virtual addresses and uses the Optimal Page replacement policy. 0,4,8,20,24,36,44,12,68,72,80,84,28,32,88,92 Your task is to find out the followings: a. How many page faults does this sequence cause? b. What are the page numbers of the pages which are present in the main memory at the end of the sequence? Assume that it is a byte addressable system.You are asked to perform capacity planning for a two-level memory system. The first level, M1 is a cache with three capacity choices of 64Kbytes, 128Kbytes, and 256Kbytes. The second level, M2, is a main memory with a 4Mbyte capacity. Let c1 and c2 be the costs per byte and t1 and t2 be the access times for M1 and M2, respectively. Assume c1 = 20 * c2 and t2 = 10 * t1. The cache hit ratios for the 3 capacities are assumed to be 0.7, 0.9 and 0.95, respectively. What is the average memory access time, AMAT, if t1 = 20ns in the three cache designs? (Note that t1 is the time from M1 to CPU and t2 is that from M2 to CPU. This means that t2 includes t1).A computer has four page frames. The time of loading, time of last access, and the Referenced (R) and Modified (M) bits for each page frame are shown in Table 1 (the times are in clock ticks from the process start at time 0). A page fault to virtual page 4 has occurred at time 265. Table 1: Virtual Page Information Including the initial placement of virtual page in memory (as in Table 1) just before the page fault, consider the following virtual page reference string: 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 3, 1, 2, 0, 5, 2, 4, 1 Referring to Table 1, which page should be replaced for each of the following memory management policies? Explain why the page is replaced. FIFO LRU Optimal (Refer to the reference string) How many page faults would occur if Optimal policy is used? Show clearly when each page fault would occur.