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- 4.) A 15-cm-diameter steam line carries saturated steam at 6 MPa and is located in a tunnel with stagnant air with a temperature of 50oC. The outside unit convective coefficient is 8.5 W/m2-K. The steam line is covered with 3 cm of 85% magnesia insulation. It is decided to reduce the heat loss by one-half. How much 85% magnesia insulation is required? Neglect thermal resistance of pipe and inside surface.350 pipes are fixed as square in a pipe bundle used for condenser. PipeThe outer diameters are 8 mm and the steam at 0.2 bar is desired to be condensed on the pipes. pipe outer The surface temperature is kept constant at 30 °C. If the length of the pipes is 1.5 m, the heat transferred in the systemCalculate the amount of energy and the amount of condensed steamA food product with 73% moisture content in a 5 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 970 kg / m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.2 W / (m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -2 ° C. After 12 hours in the freezing medium -30 ° C, the product temperature becomes -10 ° C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h = AnswerW / (m² K).
- Water at 5°C is being used to cool apples from an initial temperature of 25° to 10°C. Thewater flow over the surface of the apple creates a convective heat-transfer coefficientof 15 W/(m2-K). Assume the apple can be described as a sphere with a 10 cm diameterand the geometric center is to be reduced to 10°C. The apple properties include thermalconductivity of 0.45 W/(m-K), specific heat of 3.950 kJ/(kg-K), and density of 940 kg/m3.a. Determine the time that the apples must be exposed to the water.b. If the apple is submerged only for 2 hours, what will be its center temperature?3. A food product with 80% moisture content in a 7 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 1000 kg / m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.0 W / (m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -2 ° C. After 11 hours in the freezing medium -30 ° C, the product temperature becomes -10 ° C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h = Answer W / (m² K).Find the minimum amount of diameter for the insulation of a spherical water tank? Radius of the tank is 10 m, thermal conductivity is 25 W/(m^2*K) and convective coefficient is 5 W/(m*K) 8 m not sufficient information 10 m 20 m 15 m
- A water tank is completely filled with liquid water at 20ºC. The tank material is such that it can withstand tension caused by a volume expansion of 0.75 percent. Determine the maximum temperature rise allowed without jeopardizing safety. For simplicity, assume the volume expansion coefficient β at 313 K to be 0.377 × 10–3 K–1. The maximum temperature rise allowed in the tank is ______ ºC.Oil is flowing through a 45 mm inside diameter iron pipe (k=16 W/mK) at 1.2 m/s. The thickness of pipe is 8 mm. It is being heated by steam outside the pipe, and the steam-film coefficient may be taken as 12 kW/m2 oC. At a particular point along the pipe the oil is at 40 oC, its density is 880 kg/m3, its viscosity is 2.1 cP, its thermal conductivity is 0.135 W/moC and its specific heat is 2.17 J/g oC. a) What is the overall heat transfer coefficient at this point, based on the inside area of the pipe? b) If the steam temperature is 120oC, what is the heat transfer rate at this point, based on the outside area of the pipe? c) Calculate the inside and outside wall temperatures of pipe when the steam temperature is 120oC and bulk temperature of oil is 40oA 10-cm diameter pipe is covered by 2 layers of lagging. The insidelayer is 4 cm thick and has a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 0.08W/m-K. The outside layer is 3cm thick and has a coefficient of thermalconductivity of 0.15 W/m-K. The steam main conveys steam apressure of 1.7 MPa with 25 C superheat. The outside temperature ofthe lagging is 27 C. If the steam main is 30 m long, determine theinterface temperature of the lagging and overall coefficient of heattransfer based on outside area.
- Number 3A food product with 73% moisture content in a 7 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 970 kg/m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.2W/(m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -2.5°C. After 11 hours in the freezing medium -40°C, the product temperature becomes -10°C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h= answer in W/(m²K)Air at 24°C is blown over a hot pipe with a surface area of 2.94 m2 to dissipate 924 W of heat energy. What is the minimum convection heat transfer coefficient that will ensure that the temperature of the pipe surface is less than 45°C [round your final answer to two decimal places]?The temperature of an air stream flowing is measured by a copper – constantanthermocouple which may be approximated as a cylinder of 1.7 mm diameter. Initiallythe junction and air at a temperature of 25 oC. The air temperature suddenly changesto and is maintained at 215 oC. The thermal junction properties are: ρ = 8750 kg/m3; Cp = 380 J/kgoC; k(thermocouple) = 28W/moC; h = 145 W/m2-oC. a. Determine the time required for the thermocouple to indicate temperature of 165oC. Also, determine the thermal time constant and the temperature indicated bythe thermocouple at that instant.b. Discuss the stability of this thermocouple to measure unsteady state temperatureof a fluid when the temperature variation in the fluid has a time period of 3.6 s.