A coach believes that her volleyball team is more athletic than the average volleyball team in America. (Think of that as her research hypothesis.) We know that the average volleyball team in America has a score of 100 on the Standard Test for Athleticism (the STA; not to be confused with the SAT). The coach tests her 25 players and gets an average STA score for them of 109, with a standard deviation of 15. The coach sets her alpha level at .05. Given the results of her study, what decision should she make? O Reject the null hypothesis, since she knows that her team plays so well. O Reject the null hypothesis, since the mean is above 100 O Reject the null hypothesis, since the inferential Z-score is greater than the critical value when alpha is at .05 Do not reject the null hypothesis; the results are likely due to chance factors.

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.