A competitive labor market offers traineeship programs. During the training, employees of type 1 will create a product worth dollars 1,000, while employees of type 2 will create a product worth dollars 5,000. The two types are indistinguishable, but type 2 is more patient - for these workers, sitting in on a Harvard lecture bored is just as harmful as losing 200 dollars, and for type 1 employees, losing 400 dollars. After completing the lectures and completing the training, all employees leave for Canada, where, due to the withdrawal from the American process, Canadian lectures are not counted. There is a separating balance in which those who listen to lectures with a total length of X hours will receive a salary of Dollars 5,000, and those who do not listen - Dollars 1.000. What are the possible values of X?
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- A risk-neutral manager is attempting to hire a worker. All workers in the market are of identical quality but differ with respect to the wage at which they are willing to work. Suppose half of the workers in the labor market are willing to work for a salary of $40,000 and half will accept a salary of $38,000. The manager spends three hours interviewing a given worker and values this time at $300. The first worker the manager interviews says he will work only if paid $40,000. Should the firm manager make him an offer or interview another worker?Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.Suppose that a state grants Medicaid benefits to a worker only if his income is between $5,000 and $10,000 a year. This will not result in a work disincentive because those who are not working at all cannot receive any benefits.Actuaries perform the crucial task of estimating the time paths and probability distributions of costs and revenues for different insurance contracts. Becoming an actuary takes several years, and involves passing a series of rigorous examinations given either by the Society of Actuaries or by the Casualty Actuarial Society. Usually, the individual works for an insurance company while studying for the exams, and the company gives the individual time off to study for the exams. Passing an exam usually results in a significant pay increase. a) Do actuaries have general or firm-specific human capital? b) Who “pays for” the worker’s time off to study for the exams? Choose one answer and explain. · the worker does, by accepting a lower salary · the firm does, to invest in the worker’s human capital c) Why does the individual get a pay increase after passing each exam? Why not evaluate the employee once per year, like many companies do?
- Medicare recipients can purchase supplemental private insurance (known as Medigap insurance) to fill the gap in coverage left by Medicare. This gap includes copayments, deductibles, and prescription drug expenses not covered by Medicare. Several years ago, the government enacted regulations that specify minimum standards for items that Medigap policies must cover. This made the policies more expensive, and as a consequence, about 25 percent of the elderly who would have purchased some Medi-gap insurance purchased none at all [Finkelstein, 2004]. Consider an individual who consumes two goods, "insurance" and "all other goods." The cost of a unit of Medigap insurance is $1, as is the cost of a unit of all other goods. Sketch a budget constraint and set of indifference curves that are consistent with the following scenario: In an unregulated market, an individual with a $30,000 income purchases $5,000 worth of Medigap insurance. The government then puts mandates on Medigap policies that…_____ is when everyone in a country is covered by insurance that is run and administered by the government. This strategy is effective at combatting _____. a. Means tested health insurance; adverse selection b. Universal public health insurance; adverse selection c. Universal public health insurance; moral hazard d. Compulsory insurance; moral hazard e. Compulsory insurance; monopoly pricing f. Means tested health insurance; moral hazardSuppose there are two types of persons: high-ability and low-ability. A particular diploma costs a high-ability person $8,000 and costs a low-ability person $20,000. Firms wish to use education as a screening device where they intend to pay $25,000 to workers without a diploma and $ K to those with a diploma. In what range must K be to make this an effective screening device?
- Describe how the transition for premodern reimbursements programs such as (P4P or DRGs) to current value-based compensation programs can potentially further reduce hospital readmission rates. Please provide a detailed example in your response.Show how education can signal the worker’s innate ability in the labor market. What is a pooled equilibrium? What is a perfectly separating signaling equilibrium?Suppose a particular population has two kinds of health risks, high and low. Let the expected annual health care costs for the high risk be $10,000, and for the low risk, half that. If there are twice as many low risk as high risk individuals, and if the one insurer’s administrative load is 20%, what would the community rated premium be if everyone is compelled to and able to buy health insurance? Note: administrative load can be construed as the amount that the insurer has in costs to run the plans above and beyond the "health care costs."
- Assume that the daily demand for packs of cigarettes in the tobacco-addicted nation of Pcorian is Q=100−P Further assume that the marginal cost of producing a pack of cigarettes is §6, and that the market for cigarettes is perfectly competitive. Assume that each pack of cigarettes smoked does §6 worth of health damage to the smoker in the form of increased cancer risk and a total of §5 worth of health damage to the smoker’s neighbors via secondhand smoke. Finally, assume that all Pcorian cigarette consumers are aware of these costs. Suppose the government decides to pursue a Pigouvian solution to eliminate social loss. What sort of tax or subsidy would they implement, and what is the resulting quantity of cigarette packs purchased? 2. The opposition party in the Pcorian parliament loudly opposes the proposed tax plan as government meddling. The opposition leader invokes the Coase theorem and says that the socially efficient level of smoking will occur even in the absence of…Multiple Choice Adverse selection describes a situation where an individual's demand for insurance is positively correlated with the individual's risk of loss. Adverse selection occurs when someone increases their exposure to risk when insured. This can happen, for example, when a person takes more risks because someone else bears the cost of those risks. The relationship between smoking status and mortality provides a good illustration for adverse selection, especially in the case in which a life insurance company did not vary its premiums according to smoking status of its customers. To counter the effects of adverse selection, insurers may offer premiums that are proportional to a customer's risk.Consider a variant of the benchmark model of adverse selection. The types of workers (θ) are uniformly drawn from the unit interval [0,1]. A θ-type worker can produce θ units of some product if he is hired by firms. (Workers are the only input in the production.) The price of the product is normalised as 1. Before entering the labor market, workers decide whether to secure some certificate at a cost c ∈ (0, 1) or not. The certificate can fully reveal a worker’s type and he then decides whether to show it to firms or not. If a θ-type worker decides to quit the labor market, he can earn θ/4 from self-employment. Find the competitive equilibrium. (Hint, if a θ-type worker obtains the certificate and shows it to firms, he will receive a wage of θ from the market. For sure, he can also decide to join the labor market without obtaining or showing the certificate.)