A crystal is known to have a face-centered (F-centering) cubic unit cell. The fractional coordinate (0,0,0) is equivalent to the following based on the symmetry consideration. (-0.5, 0.5, 1.5) O (-0.5, 1, -0.5) O (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) O (1/2, 0, 0)
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- Derive Bragg,s Equation? What is the significance of n in this equation? At what Bragg angle will reflection occur for the 200 plane in crystalline ca using filtered CuK α radiations? The wavelength of the radiations is ʎ = 0.14646 nm.Imagine a pyramid with a hexagonal base. For thispyramid determine:a-) The degree of symmetry;b-) The crystalline system to which this crystal would belong;c-) Determine the Weiss Parameters and the respective Miller indices for eachface of that crystal. Note that a crystal of this type has 7 faces.d-) Make a stereographic projection of this crystal indicating:- the position of all 07 faces;- the position of all crystallographic axes;- the position of all crystallographic planes.I) Diamond crystallises in a face-centred cubic structure with a = 3.5625 Å. Calculate the d-spacing and peak position of the first allowed peak (i.e. the peak with the lowest hkl value that meets the selection rules) using a wavelength of 0.71073 Å. II) A solvothermal synthesis gave rise to a mixture of two crystalline phases: one phase consists of 50-65 μm octahedral crystallites while the other phase consists of 150-180 μm hexagonal plates. Identify a separation technique that would likely be effective in separating these materials.
- What is the stoichiometry for Fe3O4? What point defects will be associated with a Frenkel defect in Fe3O4.Verify that the lowest value of the radius ratio for (a) sixfold coordination is 0.414, and (b) for eightfold coordination is 0.732.Why is it necessary to use the Ka transition (2p-----> 1s) in copper (see Problem 88) to generate X-rays? Why not use, for example, the 4s--->3p transition?
- What is the Madelung constant for MgO (rock salt) structure? Include only the first 3 terms. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.The mineral clausthalite is composed of lead selenide (PbSe). This mineral adopts the NaCl structure - the anions are arranged in face-centered cubic structure. Fill in the needed information below and explain why:Latice points where the Pb2+ are:a. edgeb. cornerc. bodyd. facean X-ray diffraction pattern for a powder sample of Cr (crystal system: body-centered cubic and lattice parameter a = 0.2884 nm) is measured using a conventional diffractometer. For the (220) plane, compute the Lorentz-polarization factor (LP) using CuKα radiation λ = 0.1542 nm.
- Use the Born-Mayer equation to estimate the latticeenthalpy of calcium sulfide. CaS. The crystal adopts a rocksalt structure w ith the distance between the centres of nearest neighbours being 284 pm.The coordination number for Mg2 + ion is usually six. Assumingthis assumption holds, determine the anion coordinationnumber in the following compounds: (a) MgS, (b)MgF2, (c) MgO.Derive simplified expressions for F2 for diamond, including the rules governing observed reflections. This crystal is cubie and contains 8 carbon atoms per unit cell, located in the following positions: 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¾ ¾ ¼ ¾ ¼ ¾ ¼ ¾ ¾